现代公民观念建构中的“东方社会”  

"Oriental Society"in the Construction of the Modern Concept of the Citizen

作　　者：郭忠华[1,2] Guo Zhonghua

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国公共管理研究中心 [2]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院,教授广州510275

出　　处：《中国社会科学》2018年第3期66-82,207,共18页Social Sciences in China

基　　金：本文系国家社科基金重大项目“当前主要社会思潮的最新发展动态及其批判研究”(16ZDA100)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在当代政治实践与政治理论中,公民观念的普遍发展、公民身份的普遍建立,奠定、勾勒了现代政治的基本关系维度,也为理解、考察国家与社会关系提供了重要的解释维度。在普遍的认知中,公民观念的兴起、形成往往被视为欧洲社会的独特产物。而发生学的视角表明,以伏尔泰为代表的积极东方主义与以韦伯为代表的消极东方主义,通过关于东方社会的迥异描述取得了殊途同归的效果,突出了理性主义和人本主义精神的时代价值,赋予了理想公民以自由、正义等美德。还原两种东方主义关于公民观念的建构方式,不仅可以廓清"内生主义"所造成的知识扭曲,而且可以揭示观念建构背后的权力关系,为始终处于演化中的公民观念的理性建构提供启发借鉴。在全球化的时代背景下,东方社会对于未来公民观念建构的潜能正在逐步显现。In contemporary political practice and theory,the wide diffusion of the concept of“citizen”and the general establishment of citizen status have laid down and adumbrated the basic relational dimension of modern politics,providing an important explanatory dimension for understanding and examining the relationship between the state and society.As generally understood,the emergence and development of the concept of citizen are seen as a uniquely European product;but a phylogenic perspective shows that the positive orientalism represented by Voltaire and the negative orientalism represented by Weber reach the same end by different paths,despite the variations in their description of oriental society:Both highlight the value of rationality and humanism for the contemporary age and bestow on the ideal citizen such qualifies as freedom and justice.Retracing the two orientalist modes of constructing the“citizen”can not only clarify the intellectual distortions arising from endogeneity,but also reveal the power relations behind the construction of the citizen and stimulate the rational development of this constantly evolving concept.The era of globalization is seeing the realization of oriental society’s potential for the future construction of the“citizen”concept.

关 键 词：公民观念 东方主义 东方社会 内生主义 

分 类 号：D089[政治法律—政治学]