降雨量变化对入侵植物豚草植株生长的影响  

Effects of precipitation variation on plant growth of invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia

作　　者：全国明[1,2] 刘莹莹 毛丹鹃[2] 章家恩[2] 谢俊芳[2] QUAN Guoming;LIU Yingying;MAO Danjuan;ZHANG Jiaen;XIE Junfang(Department of Urban Construction Engineering,Guangzhou City Polytechnic,Guangzhou 510405,China;Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics,Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Ecoagriculture and Circular Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]广州城市职业学院城市建设工程系,广州510405 [2]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所/农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室/广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术研究中心,广州510642

出　　处：《生态科学》2018年第2期138-146,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：教育部博士点基金项目(20124404110009);广东省科技计划项目(2015B090903077);广东省高等学校高层次人才项目(粤财教(2013)246号);广东省大学生科技创新培育专项(pdjh2016a0690);广州市科技计划项目(201609010083);广州市属高校"羊城学者"科研计划项目(1201561564);广州市属高校科研计划项目(2012A136)

摘　　要：采用温室盆栽模拟试验研究了不同降雨水平对入侵植物豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)和土著伴生植物肖梵天花(Urena lobata)植株形态、生长、生物量积累与分配的影响。试验共设置1800 mm·a-1(High precipitation treatment,HP)、1200 mm·a-1(Midium precipitation treatment,MP)和800 mm·a-1(Low precipitation treatment,LP)3个降雨梯度,结果表明:(1)在各个降雨量水平,豚草的株高、分枝数量、分枝长度、叶片数均高于伴生土著植物肖梵天花,其中两物种株高、分枝数量的差异均达显著水平;豚草的根生物量比(Root mass fraction,RMF)、根冠比(Root mass/crown mass,R/C)显著低于肖梵天花,茎生物量比(Stem mass fraction,SMF)、比叶面积(Specific leaf area,SLA)和叶根比(Leaf area to root mass ratio,LARM)则显著高于肖梵天花。(2)豚草的分枝数量、叶片数、总叶面积、根茎叶器官生物量、总生物量以及平均相对生长速率(Relative growth rate,RGR)、净同化速率(Net assimilation rate,NAR)等指标均在MP处理获得最大值,降雨量减少或增加均导致上述指标下降,尤以降雨量减少为甚;肖梵天花的相应指标以及株高均随降雨量上升显著增加并在HP处理获得最大值。降雨量增加对豚草的生物量分配无明显影响,但显著提高肖梵天花的茎生物量分配比例。两种植物的叶面积比(Leaf area ratio,LAR)、SLA均不随降雨量的变化而波动。这说明豚草在野外更偏好入侵中等湿润程度的自然环境,过于干旱或潮湿均导致其入侵能力下降。The effects of different precipitation levels on plant morphology,growth,biomass accumulation and biomass allocation patterns of invasive Ambrosia artemisiifolia and native coexisting Urena lobata were studied by a greenhouse pot experiment.Three treatments were set up with different precipitation gradients,including high precipitation(HP),middle precipitation(MP)and low precipitation(LP)treatments.The results are as followings.(1)Plant height,branch number,branch length and total leaf number of A.artemisiifolia were higher than those of U.lobata under each level of precipitation,and the difference of plant height and branch number between the two weeds were significantly existed.Root mass fraction(RMF)and root mass to crown mass ratio(R/C)were significantly lower,and stem mass fraction(SMF),specific leaf area(SLA)and leaf area to root mass ratio(LARM)were significantly higher for invasive A.artemisiifolia than for native U.lobata.(2)Branch number,total leaf number,total leaf area,stem biomass,leaf biomass,root biomass,total biomass,relative growth rate(RGR)and net assimilation rate(NAR)of A.artemisiifolia reached the highest value at MP,while these parameters decreased with precipitation reduction or addition,especially in precipitation reduction treatments.The parameters mentioned above and plant height of U.lobata increased significantly with the increasing precipitation and peaked at HP.Precipitation enhancement had no significant effect on biomass allocation of A.artemisiifolia but increased SMF of U.lobata significantly.Leaf area ratio(LAR)and SLA of the two weeds remained constant under all the precipitation conditions.These results indicate that A.artemisiifolia prefers to invade natural environment with medium moist climate,and too dry or wet conditions would reduce its invasiveness in fields.

关 键 词：生物入侵 豚草 降雨量 植株生长 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]