牲畜粪便氨气挥发相关研究进展  

Relevant research progress on the ammonia emission of livestock manure

作　　者：赵明德 杨冲 刘攀 杨涵 王文颖 ZHAO Mingde;YANG Chong;LIU Pan;YANG Han;WANG Wengying(School of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;School of Ecological Environment and Resource,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学生命科学学院,西宁810008 [2]青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,西宁810007

出　　处：《生态科学》2018年第2期214-222,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：青海省自然科学基金项目(2016-ZJ-913);国家自然科学基金项目(31260127);国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0501906-1;2016YFC0501901-05)

摘　　要：近年来随着规模化养殖业的快速发展,未经处理的牲畜粪便在堆放后易产生大量氨气,大气中氨气浓度增加导致空气中N含量超过极限浓度,引发酸雨的形成,对农作物和建筑物造成极大的危害,并进一步促进高浓度大气颗粒物——PM2.5的形成,引发人体呼吸道炎症等疾病,故对各大型养殖基地牲畜粪便污染控制与资源化利用提出了新的挑战。据此文章对牲畜粪便的污染来源及污染现状做了详细阐述,并针对牲畜粪便引起的环境污染、生态破坏及影响生产生活等问题进行了详细剖析。同时介绍了国内外就减少牲畜粪便中氨挥发方面的研究进展,且针对氨挥发造成的一系列环境问题,提出采取物理方法、化学方法、生物方法和日粮调控等降低牲畜粪便氨排放的措施。在对众多方法进行比较研究后发现,ZnSO_4处理法和微生态制剂EM处理法效果最佳,同时文章进一步探讨该领域未来的研究热点,寻求适用于牲畜粪便无害化处理的综合性方法。Recent years,with the rapid development of large-scale farming,a large amount of ammonia is liable to be generated from the untreated livestock manure after composting.The increasing ammonia concentration of atmosphere leads to the consequence that nitrogen contents of air exceed the limiting concentration,causing the formation of acid rain and wreaking havoc on crops or buildings.Moreover,it accelerates the formation of PM2.5 further,a high concentration atmospheric particulate which can cause disease for human such as respiratory tract inflammation and so on;therefore,every large-scale breeding base is confronted with new challenges to control pollution of livestock manure and to utilize resources.In view of the above,the article not only elaborates the source and the current situation of pollution of livestock manure,but also analyzes the problems caused by livestock manure in detail,which include pollution of environment,destruction of ecosystem,influence of production and life,and so forth.The article also introduces the research progress on reducing the ammonia emission of livestock manure at home and abroad.In the meantime,aimed at a succession of environmental issues caused by volatile ammonia,this article proposes the corresponding measures which can reduce the ammonia emission of livestock manure,such as physical method,chemical method,biological method,dietary composition adjustment,and so on.After comparing several ways,the conclusion can be drawn that the ZnSO4 treatment and microecologics EM treatment have the best effect.Furthermore,the article discusses some hot areas which can be researched deeper in the future,exploring the comprehensive way that is more applicable to harmless treatment of livestock manure.

关 键 词：牲畜粪便 污染 氨气挥发 处理方法 研究进展 

分 类 号：Q142[生物学—生态学]