基于阿基米德双螺旋线原理的水力喷射压裂技术  

Hydraulic Jet Fracturing Technology Based on Archimedes Spiral Theory

作　　者：仝少凯 高德利[1,2] TONG Shaokai;GAO Deli(MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing,102249,China;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,Beijing,102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室,北京102249 [2]油气资源与工程国家重点实验室,北京102249

出　　处：《石油钻探技术》2018年第1期90-96,共7页Petroleum Drilling Techniques

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目"复杂油气井钻井与完井基础研究"(编号:51521063);国家重点研发计划课题"钻井工艺及井筒工作液关键技术研究"(编号:2016YFC0303303);国家科技重大专项"复杂结构井;从式井设计与控制新技术"(编号:2017ZX05009-003)资助

摘　　要：针对水平井多级压裂双簇水力喷射效果不佳、上下游喷射器冲蚀不均匀和水平井筒内携砂流体中砂粒易沉降等问题,研究了基于阿基米德双螺旋线原理的水力喷射压裂技术。根据阿基米德双螺旋线原理,设计了双螺旋水力喷射压裂管柱及喷射器,并采用可视化试验方法对双螺旋特性进行了室内携砂评价试验;根据牛顿第二定律建立了水力喷射压裂工况下等径直管和双螺旋管柱内携砂流体中砂粒运移的动力学方程,得出了等径直管和双螺旋管柱内砂粒的运动速度计算模型。研究得出,双螺旋水力喷射压裂管柱及喷射器能起到螺旋旋流作用,均衡双簇水力喷射压裂效果和降低上、下游水力喷射器冲蚀的非均匀性;等径直管内砂粒的运动规律符合恒定加速度运动方程,双螺旋管内砂粒的运动规律符合变加速度运动方程。研究结果表明,采用双螺旋结构水力喷射压裂管柱及喷射器是可行的,在均衡多级水力喷射压裂效果和提高水平井筒内携砂流体携砂能力方面具有显著作用。The multi-stage double-cluster hydraulic jet often encounters problems such as that of relative ineffectiveness,uneven erosion between the upstream and downstream by the injector,and sanding problems caused by the easy settlement of sands.To overcome these challenges,the theory of Archimedes double helix was utilized and integrated to a mathematical model of hydro jet fracturing,which provides the basis in the design of the double-helix hydraulic fracturing tubing string and injector.Then visualizations of the sand-carrying evaluation experiments were performed to evaluate the double-helix characteristics.In addition,kinetic equations of sand migration in sand-carrying fluid through straight pipes and double-helix pipes with the same diameter under hydraulic fracturing conditions were obtained based on Newton’s second law,then transformed into the calculation models of the kinetic velocity of sands.As indicated in the research,the double-helix hydraulic fracturing pipe strings and injector can generate rotational flow,which help to balance double-helix hydraulic fracturing effects,and reduce erosion unevenness between the upstream and the downstream.The movement of sands can be described in a model by the accelerated movement equation with a constant accelerated velocity and varied accelerated velocity inside straight pipes and double-helix pipes,respectively.The research demonstrated that the double-helix hydraulic fracturing pipe strings and injector can function well,which are feasible evidently in balancing the multi-stage hydraulic fracturing effects and improving sand-carrying capacity of fluid along horizontal wellbores.

关 键 词：水力喷射压裂 阿基米德双螺旋 喷射器 压裂管柱 携砂流动 

分 类 号：TE357.1[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]