法国海军与上海小刀会起义的失败——以法方新档案史料为中心的研究  

The French Navy and the Failure of the Small Sword Society Uprising: A Research Based on the Relevant French Historical Archives

作　　者：江天岳[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2018年第2期107-120,共14页World History

摘　　要：法兰西第二帝国建立后,迅速加快了向东方扩张的步伐。1853—1855年小刀会占领上海期间,以"贞德"号舰长辣厄尔为首的法国海军以保护租界为名与清军结成临时同盟,对起义军实施武力镇压,这是近代法国军事干预中国政局的开始。1855年1月6日,法军配合清军发动"北门之战",这是法国海军在近代中国的第一场热战。战后双方的照会往来,亦可视为清廷与西方列强的高级军官间首次旨在谋求"合作"而非"对抗"的直接记录,而这一"合作"成为日后清廷大规模"借师助剿"的前奏。在法国新发现的法方原始档案史料,生动地反映了华洋初交之际畸形的中法关系,同时有力地证明了法国这次军事行动对其远东战略和上海法租界扩张的深远影响。After the establishment of the French Second Empire,France accelerated the pace of its eastward expansion rapidly.When the Small Sword Society occupied Shanghai between 1853 and 1855,the French Navy led by Admiral Adolphe Laguerre,captain of la Jeanne d'Arc,formed a provisional alliance with the Army of the Qing Dynasty to suppress the armed rebels in the name of protecting the Concession.This is deemed the first military intervention in China by the French Second Empire.The‘Battle of Pei-men’was launched jointly on 6 January 1855,which marks the first hot war of the French Navy involved in China.The post-war diplomatic notes between the allied forces can be regarded as the first direct negotiation between senior officers of China and the Western powers for the purpose of collaboration rather than confrontation,which later became the prelude to the military operations of the Qing dynasty under the policy of‘suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom with the aid of foreign forces’.The newly discovered French historical archives vividly indicate the abnormal Sino-French relation when China firstly encountered the West diplomatically.Moreover,this certainly proves that the aforementioned military operations of the French Navy profoundly influenced the Far Eastern strategy of France and the expansion of the French Concession in Shanghai.

关 键 词：法国海军 小刀会 辣厄尔 借师助剿 法兰西第二帝国 

分 类 号：K254.42[历史地理—历史学]