微地形及冬灌时间对沙地苜蓿越冬特性的影响  

Effects of Microtopography and Irrigation Time on Alfalfa Overwintering Characteristics on Sandy Soil

作　　者：吴明浩[1] 张玉霞[1] 乔双 王显国[3] 郭园[1] 于华荣[1] 沈祥军[4] WU Ming-hao;ZHANG Yu-xia;QIAO Shuang;WANG Xian-guo;GUO Yuan;YU Hua-rong;SHEN Xiang-jun(College of Agriculture,Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities,Tongliao 028043,China;Fushun Second Secondary Vocational and Technical School,Fushun 113003,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Agricultural Technical Extension and Service Center of Horchin District of Tongliao City,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学农学院,内蒙古通辽028043 [2]抚顺市第二中等职业技术专业学校,辽宁抚顺113003 [3]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100083 [4]通辽市科尔沁区农业技术推广中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《内蒙古民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第2期141-148,共8页Journal of Inner Mongolia Minzu University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2014MS0315);科尔沁沙地苜蓿高效种植技术研究与示范项目(201403048-2)

摘　　要：本文研究了2个微地形(洼地、岗地)和2个冬灌时间(11月20日、11月10日)对沙地土壤含水量、温度以及对紫花苜蓿根颈直径、根颈芽数、根颈活力、根颈电导率和越冬率等的影响.结果表明,同一水分处理下,洼地土壤含水量均高于岗地,洼地的越冬率高于岗地;较晚(11月20日)进行冬灌能够降低土壤的平均高温和平均低温,从而降低昼夜温差,降低温度的变化幅度.同一样地不同地形,灌水先后对苜蓿根颈活力和相对电导率影响差异不显著;较早(11月10)灌水处理的苜蓿越冬率相对较晚灌水处理的苜蓿越冬率低.因此,较晚灌水能够提高土壤含水量和苜蓿的越冬能力,进而提高苜蓿越冬率.冰冻前土壤水分含量是影响苜蓿越冬的主要因子.The effects of two microtopographical features(depressions,hills)and two winter irrigation times(November 10th,November 20th)on soil and plant characteristics were determined in sandy soil.Effects on water content,temperature,diameter of alfalfa root neck and number of root neck buds,root neck activity,electrical conductivity and overwintering rate of root neck ill were studied.The results showed that under the same water treatment,the soil water content and the overwintering rate in the depression were higher than that in the hillock.Later winter irrigation(November 20th)reduced the average high and mean low soil temperatures,thus reducing the diurnal temperature difference and decreasing the range of temperature change.The effect of irrigation on root neck activity and relative conductivity of alfalfa was not significant under the same and different terrains.The winter overwintering rate of alfalfa treated earlier(November 10)was lower than that of alfalfa treated with late irrigation.Therefore,late irrigation improved soil water content and winter ability of alfalfa.The soil moisture content before freezing was the main factor affecting alfalfa wintering.

关 键 词：紫花苜蓿 微地形 冬灌时间 越冬特性 

分 类 号：S541.9[农业科学—作物学]