生物有机肥对烟草青枯病的防效及对土壤细菌群落的影响  

Control Efficiency of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt and Their Effects on Soil Bacterial Community

作　　者：施河丽 孙立广[2] 谭军 赵秀云[2] 王瑞 SHI Heli;SUN Liguang;TAN Jun;ZHAO Xiuyun;WANG Rui(Enshi Tobacco Company of Hubei Province,Enshi,Hubei 445000,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司,湖北恩施445000 [2]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2018年第2期54-62,共9页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司科技重点项目"基于宏基因组学的植烟土壤健康评价研究与应用"(110201402016)

摘　　要：烟草青枯病是一种危害严重的土传性病害,为了防治烟草青枯病,筛选了3株拮抗青枯雷尔氏菌的芽孢杆菌(甲基营养型芽孢杆菌JK3、枯草芽孢杆菌JK4和解淀粉芽孢杆菌JK10),将其发酵液添加到有机肥中,经二次发酵后获得生物有机肥(SF2、SF4),施入烟田。结果表明,生物有机肥能较好地防治烟草青枯病,同时促进烟株的生长,SF2、SF4处理的防效分别为82.18%、68.82%。同时,采用高通量测序技术分析了土壤细菌的群落结构,发现生物有机肥显著影响了土壤细菌的群落结构,促进了土壤中有益菌(如鞘氨醇单胞菌属、类芽孢杆菌属、耐热芽孢杆菌、梭菌属等)的增殖。芽孢杆菌和链霉菌的数量也明显增加,推测链霉菌和芽孢杆菌可抑制青枯雷尔氏菌的繁殖,进而控制烟草青枯病的发生。施用添加拮抗芽孢杆菌的生物有机肥是防治烟草青枯病的一项有效措施。Tobacco bacterial wilt is a severe soil-borne disease.In order to control tobacco bacterial wilt,we isolated and selected Bacillus methylotrophicus strain JK3,B.subtilis strain JK4,and B.amyloliquefaciens strain JK10 which exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum.Fermentation solutions of these three antagonistic strains were added to organic fertilizers to make bio-organic fertilizers(SF2,SF4).Bio-organic fertilizers were applied to the field to control bacterial wilt.The results showed that after application of bio-organic fertilizers tobacco bacterial wilt was effectively controlled.The control efficiency of SF2 and SF4 treatments were 82.18%and 68.82%,respectively.We analyzed the soil bacterial community through high-throughput sequencing technology.It was found that the soil bacterial community changed dramatically after application of bio-organic fertilizers.Compared to the control,the abundance of beneficial bacteria including Sphingomonas spp.,Paenibacillus spp.,Thermobacillus spp.,and Clostridium spp.significantly increased in the SF2 and SF4 treated soils.Abundance of Streptomyces spp.and Bacillus spp.also increased noticeably after the application of bio-organic fertilizers.Streptomyces spp.and Bacillus spp.might inhibit the growth of R.solanacearum.Our results indicated that bio-organic fertilizers added with antagonistic Bacillus spp.could effectively control tobacco bacterial wilt.

关 键 词：青枯雷尔氏菌 生物有机肥 芽孢杆菌 土壤细菌群落 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]