7种生物菌剂对西瓜枯萎病的防治作用  

Effects of Seven Biological Agents on Watermelon Fusarium Wilt

作　　者：翟子鹤 李伟强 傅士杰 庞建文 张晓腾 吕桂云[1] ZHAI Zi-he;LI Wei-qiang;FU Shi-jie;PANG Jian-wen;ZHANG Xiao-teng;LYU Gui-yun(College of Horticulture,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding 071001,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园艺学院,河北保定071001

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2018年第5期57-62,共6页China Vegetables

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金项目(C2016204138);河北农业大学大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(201710086058)

摘　　要：采用育苗接种生物菌剂的方法,研究7种生物菌剂对西瓜苗期生长的影响和对枯萎病的防治效果。结果表明:处理S1(绿色木霉菌剂)、S4(枯草芽孢杆菌菌剂)和S6(西瓜专用菌剂)对西瓜的促生效果较为显著,株高、茎粗、地上部鲜质量、根冠比、壮苗指数等指标高于对照。生物菌剂对西瓜枯萎病都有一定的防治效果,与各自对照相比,早佳8424病情指数降低了76.2~92.8,西农8号病情指数降低了37.0~54.6,且对于2个品种的防病效果均以S6最为显著。进一步研究发现,枯草芽孢杆菌菌株对西瓜枯萎病菌生理小种1的生长发育有明显抑制作用,对峙培养抑菌率达67.75%,分生孢子萌发数目仅为对照的24.4%,对病原菌的持续抑制作用达49.3%。综上,S6在西瓜促生和防治西瓜枯萎病两方面的综合效果最好,且其菌株对西瓜枯萎病菌生长和孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用。This paper studied the affects of 7 kinds microbiological agents on watermelon seedling growth and the control effect on Fusarium wilt by the method of seedling inoculation.The results showed that S1,S4 and S6 treatments could significantly promote watermelon growth.Their indexes of plant height,stem diameter,fresh weight above ground,root-crown ratio,strong seedling index,etc.were all higher than that of the contrast.Biological agents had certain control effects on Fusarium wilt of watermelon.Compared with the respective contrast,the disease index of‘Zaojia 8424’decreased 76.2-92.8,that of‘Xinong No.8’decreased 37.0-54.6.Besides,the disease control effect of these 2 varieties was all outstanding as S6.Further studies found that Bacillus subtilis could significantly inhibit mycelial growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum race1.Inhibition rate of mycelial growth reached 67.75%and the conidia germination number was only 24.4%of the contrast.The successive control on pathogenic bacteria could reach 49.3%.In summary,S6 has the best combination effect on watermelon growth promotion and control of watermelon Fusarium wilt.And its strain has significant inhibitory effect on growth and spore germination of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum.

关 键 词：西瓜 生物菌剂 枯萎病 生长发育 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]