物流末端配送中快递代收行为法律问题刍议——基于代收成本分担视角的代收法律框架构建  

Research on Legal Issues of Express Collection in the“Last-Mile”of Logistics Distribution System——Constructing the Legal Framework of Collection Based on the Perspective of Cost-sharing of the Express Collection

作　　者：苏今[1] SU Jin(East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai200042,China)

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学,上海市200042

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2018年第5期118-128,共11页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"信息服务与信息交易法律制度研究"(13&ZD178)

摘　　要：快递代收作为物流末端配送的新形式,可有效解决物流末端配送中"时间差""地点差"所带来的成本问题以及个人信息泄露与人身财产安全问题。然而,受多方主体间事前约定不明晰、相关领域法律规范不明确、法律效力层级不足以震慑行为主体等多方面因素影响,由"签收差"问题导致的签收不当、验货、货物毁损及风险分配问题频频出现,产生了各种法律风险。为从代收行为源头入手预防和减少法律纠纷,高效处理快递代收法律纠纷,降低不必要的法律风险成本,一定要基于代收法律关系构建相对稳定的快递代收法律框架,建立明确的代收法律关系。对合同之债类代收关系下的间接代收关系而言,快递公司与代收主体之间应当设立委托代理合同,对代为交付快递、代为保管快递行为进行明确规定;对合同之债类代收关系下的直接代收关系而言,代收主体和收件人之间应当建立委托代理协议,尽量避免单纯保管合同关系的发生。对非合同之债类代收关系下的无因管理或好意施惠类代收而言,代收双方应本着诚实信用、不忘初衷的原则,根据民事法律事实对所发生的代收风险进行协商和友情见谅;对非合同之债类代收关系下应当尽量予以避免的表见代收和擅自寄放行为,应当根据具体情况由收件人或快递公司来承担相应的风险。As the new way in the“last-mile”of logistics distribution system,express collection solves the some problems of“time difference”and the“location difference”,such as the problem of cost,information leakage,and personal and property safety.However,because of such factors as the not clear ex ante appointment,and the not clear legal standard in related fields,the new way brings us with the new problem---“delivery time difference”,and it leads to new legal risks.To prevent and reduce legal disputes,effectively deal with these legal disputes in express collection,reduce unnecessary legal risk cost,we should construct the comparatively stable legal framework for express collection based on the relation laws of express collection,and establish the clear legal relation for express collection.For the indirect relation in legal nexus of express collection based on contractual obligation,the express company and the third party should sign the agent contract of consignation,and regulate related behaviors;and for the direct relation in legal nexus of express collection based on contractual obligation,the third party and the receivers should sign the agent contract of consignation,and avoid the relation of deposit contract.For Negotiorum Gestio or Gefalligkeitsverhaltnis in legal nexus of express collection based on non-contractual obligation,the counterparties should negotiate related risk and understand each other based on the fact and the principle of being honest;for legal nexus of express collection based on non-contractual obligation,we should make the receivers or express companies to shoulder the related responsibilities according to the fact.

关 键 词：快递代收 法律关系 风险转移 代收成本 成本分担 

分 类 号：F259.22[经济管理—国民经济]