不同覆膜栽培方式对旱作春小麦土壤温度和籽粒产量的影响  

Influences of Different Plastic Film Mulching on Soil Temperature and Grain Yield of Spring Wheat in Dryland

作　　者：刘宏胜 崔红艳[3] 吴兵 高玉红[5] 李映[2] 牛俊义[5] 武江燕[2] 南炳江[6] LIU Hongsheng;CUI Hongyan;WU Bing;GAO Yuhong;LI Ying;NIU Junyi;WU Jiangyan;NAN Bingjiang(WFP/AFAD Integrated Rural Development Project Office in Huining County,Huining,Gansu 730799,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center in Huining County of Gansu Province,Huining,Gansu 730799,China;Institute of Arid Agroecology,School of Life Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000,China;College of Life Sciences and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Meteorological Bureau in Huining County of Gansu Province,Huining,Gansu 730799,China)

机构地区：[1]会宁县WFP/IFAD农村综合发展项目办公室,甘肃会宁730799 [2]甘肃省会宁县农业技术推广中心,甘肃会宁730799 [3]兰州大学生命科学学院干旱农业生态研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [4]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [5]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [6]甘肃省会宁县气象局,甘肃会宁730799

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2018年第4期469-477,共9页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1604NKCA052-1);甘肃省高等学校科学研究成果转化培育项目(2017D-12)

摘　　要：为了解不同覆膜方式对西北黄土高原旱作春小麦的调温和增产效果,以露地穴播为对照,研究了全膜平作覆土穴播、全膜垄沟覆土穴播和全膜平作无土穴播对春小麦生育期土壤温度和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,在春小麦不同生育时期,覆膜处理存在增温和降温的双重效果。地膜覆盖在春小麦生长初期有明显的增温效果,0~25cm土层的平均温度比对照提高0.31~0.93℃,其中春小麦苗期全膜垄沟覆土穴播处理在5cm土层的温度最高,比露地穴播处理提高了0.80℃。在春小麦扬花期和灌浆期,覆膜处理下0~25cm土层的温度分别比对照降低了0.25和0.43℃,全膜平作无土穴播处理的降幅最大,分别达到0.63和0.89℃。3种覆膜栽培处理0~25cm土壤温度的变异系数(18.24%~20.33%)均低于露地穴播处理(20.50%),以全膜垄沟覆土穴播处理的土壤温度波动最小。不同覆膜穴播处理间的单位面积穗数和穗粒数有显著差异,分别比露地穴播处理增加了4.07%~6.60%和3.00%~15.53%,而千粒重差异不显著。全膜平作覆土穴播、全膜垄沟覆土穴播和全膜平作无土穴播处理均可使春小麦显著增产,增产率分别为21.08%、21.92%和9.64%,前两个覆膜处理间产量差异不显著,但二者产量均显著高于全膜平作无土穴播处理。因此,在本试验条件下,全膜垄沟覆土穴播和全膜平作覆土穴播是旱作春小麦实现高产的最佳覆膜栽培方式。In order to verify the effects of different plastic film mulching on soil temperature and grain yield of spring wheat in dryland in Northwest Loess Plateau,a field experiment was conducted with three plastic film mulching modes(FFs,film mulching on flat and hole-sowing with field soil;FRs,film mulching on ridge and hole-sowing with field soil;FFn,film mulching on flat and hole-sowing without field soil)during full growth stage and with the flat planting without film mulching as control(CK).The results showed that the plastic film mulching treatments had double effects of increasing and decreasing temperature in different growth periods of spring wheat.The effect of temperature increase was obvious at the early growth stage of spring wheat under the plastic film mulching,and the average soil temperature in 0-25 cm soil layer could be increased by 0.31-0.93℃,compared to that of CK.Besides,the soil temperature at 5 cm soil layer of FRs treatment was the largest and increased by 0.80℃,compared with that under the treatment of flat planting without film mulching at the seedling stage of spring wheat.Compared with CK,the mean temperature of 0-25 cm soil layer under different plastic film mulching treatments were dropped by 0.63℃and 0.89℃during flowering and filling periods.In addition,the variation coefficient of soil temperature under the three mulching treatments was 18.24%-20.33%,which was lower than that of CK(20.50%)in 0-25 cm layer,and soil temperature fluctuation was minimum under the film mulching on ridge and hole-sowing with field soil.However,the ear number per unit area and grain number per spike had significant differences under different plastic film mulching conditions,which were increased by 4.07%-6.60%and 3.00%-15.53%compared with those under the flat planting without film mulching,whereas there was no significant difference in 1 000-grain weight.The plastic film mulching can remarkably raise the yield of spring wheat,and the yield increase rate of FFs,FRs and FFn were 21.08%,21.92%and 9.64%,re

关 键 词：地膜覆盖 旱作春小麦 土壤温度 籽粒产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311