海岛棉和陆地棉花铃期光合特性及氮素累积特性的差异  

Differences of the Photosynthetic Properties and Nitrogen Accumulation between Island Cotton and Upland Cotton

作　　者：李春艳 石洪亮[1] 文如意 严青青[1] 张巨松[1] Li Chunyan;Shi Hongliang;Wen Ruyi;Yan Qingqing;Zhang Jusong(Xinjiang Agricultural University/Research Center of Cotton Engineering,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学/教育部棉花工程研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《棉花学报》2018年第2期164-171,共8页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划"棉花高产高效关键技术研究与示范"(2014BAD11B02);新疆维吾尔自治区"十二五"科技支撑计划(201231102)

摘　　要：【目的】在相同栽培条件下,探讨海岛棉与陆地棉在花铃期光合特性的差异以及干物质、氮素积累与分配的规律,以期为海岛棉田间管理提供依据。【方法】以新陆中75号、新陆中54号、新海35号和新海48号为材料,研究陆地棉与海岛棉在相同管理条件下净光合速率、叶片温度、光照度以及干物质和氮素积累与分配的特点。【结果】在花铃期,陆地棉的P_n较海岛棉高,叶片温度、光照度低,G_s对P_n的影响,在海岛棉和陆地棉之间差异极小;陆地棉单株干物质积累总量、日积累量和生殖器官的日增长量在全生育期内高于海岛棉,生殖器官干物质所占比例在生育前期小于海岛棉,后期大于海岛棉;其中氮素快速积累开始期新陆中54号较新海48号晚,氮素快速积累期短,但氮素积累速率最大时刻的积累速率高,生殖器官氮素快速积累开始期晚,快速积累持续期长。【结论】海岛棉较陆地棉光合物质生产输出效率低,在生育后期生殖器官干物质以及氮素所占比例低。因此,在实际生产中应根据不同地区适当增加盛花-盛铃阶段对海岛棉水肥分配比例。[Objective]Under the same cultivation conditions,we explored the differences in photosynthetic characteristics between upland cotton and sea-island cotton,and their dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and distribution patterns during the blooming period,to provide a theoretical basis for irrigation and fertilization of island cotton.[Method]Using Xinluzhong 75,Xinluzhong 54,Xinhai 35 and Xinhai 48 as materials,we tested the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),leaf temperature,dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and distribution characteristics under the same management conditions.[Result]After the flowering stage,when compared with island cotton,the Pn of upland cotton was higher,but the leaf temperature and light illumination were lower.However,the difference in effect of stomatal conductance(Gs)on Pn between island cotton and upland cotton was small.The dry matter accumulation of shoots and the daily accumulation of shoots and reproductive organs in the whole growth period were higher for upland than for island cotton,with a lower dry matter proportion of reproductive organs in the early growth period,and higher in the late period for upland than for island cotton.When compared with Xinhai 48,the initiation of rapid nitrogen accumulation of Xinluzhong 54 was later and its duration was shorter,but the maximum nitrogen accumulation rate was higher;however,the initiation of rapid accumulation time of reproductive organs was later,and its rapid accumulation duration was longer.[Conclusion]The dry matter output efficiency,accumulation in reproductive organs and nitrogen accumulation in the later growth period of island cotton were lower than those in upland cotton.Therefore,under production conditions,the proportions of water and fertilizer use should be increased for island cotton according to different regions.

关 键 词：陆地棉 海岛棉 光合特性 干物质 氮素 产量 

分 类 号：S562.01[农业科学—作物学]