华北潮土线虫群落对玉米秸秆长期还田的响应  

Effects of Long-term Straw Returning on Soil Nematode Community in the Fluvo-aquic Soil Region of North China

作　　者：孔云[1,2] 张婷 李刚 赵建宁 王丽丽 杨殿林 修伟明 KONG Yun;ZHANG Ting;LI Gang;ZHAO Jianning;WANG Lili;YANG Dianlin;XIU Weiming(College of Plant Protection,Shenyang Agriculture University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866,China;Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environment Quality of Ministry of Agriculture//Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety//Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Ecological&Environmental Remediation,Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agricul)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学植物保护学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]农业部环境保护科研监测所//农业部产地环境质量重点实验室//天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室//天津市农田生态与环境修复技术工程中心,天津300191

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2018年第4期692-698,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503121-04);国家重点研发计划支持项目(2016YFD0201009)

摘　　要：为研究华北潮土区玉米秸秆长期还田对土壤线虫群落的影响,2010年开始在农业部环境保护科研监测所武清试验站进行秸秆长期还田定位试验,设置C0(玉米秸秆不还田)、C1(玉米秸秆25%还田)、C2(玉米秸秆50%还田)、C3(玉米秸秆75%还田)及C4(玉米秸秆100%还田)共5个处理,分别于2015年7月、8月和9月采集土壤样品,采用浅盆法分离土壤线虫,分析土壤线虫群落对长期秸秆还田的响应。结果表明:5个处理土壤线虫密度范围为223~1 470ind·100g^-1,表现为C3>C2>C1>C4>C0,且C3处理的相对密度显著提高了51.44%。所获得的土壤线虫隶属于32个属,其中C0、C1、C2、C3和C4处理分别鉴定得到21个属、30个属、25个属、24个属和22个属。秸秆还田提高了土壤线虫总数量、食细菌性线虫数量和杂食-捕食性线虫数量,但不随秸秆还田量增加而增加,差异不显著;同时秸秆还田提高了线虫的H指数、J指数、NCR指数和WI指数,降低了PPI指数。总体上,与对照相比,秸秆还田增加了线虫数量,提高了线虫属丰度及各营养类群生态指数(PPI除外)。另外,该研究发现不同秸秆还田量之间线虫数量、组成、群落结构均无显著性差异。可见,秸秆还田在一定程度上能够增加线虫数量及提高种类多样性,并通过增强线虫食物网的稳定性以降低受干扰程度,但秸秆还田量对土壤线虫群落结构无显著性影响。A long-term straw returning experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different straw returning treatments on nematode community in the fluvo-aquic soil region at the Wu-Qing experimental station,Agro-Environmental Protection Institute,Ministry of Agriculture.Straw returning was added at five levels,which were referred to as C0(no corn straw),C1(25%corn straw return),C2(50%corn straw return),C3(75%corn straw return),and C4(100%corn straw return).Soil samples were collected at a depth of 0~15 cm during July,August and September in 2015.Results showed that the total nematodes density ranged from 223 to 1 470 individuals per 100 g dry soil,following the order of C3>C2>C1>C4>C0.The relative density of nematodes was improved by 51.44%in C3 compared to that in C0.The obtained soil nematodes in all the treatments belonged to 32 genera,with 21 genera in C0,30 genera in C1,25 genera in C2,24 genera in C3,and 22 genera in C4.Returning corn straw improved the total number of nematode,the number of bacterivores,and the number of omnivores-carnivores,but there were no significant differences in soil nematode amounts among different return amounts of corn straw.We also found that straw returning increased Shannon-Wiener index,Evenness index,Nematode Channel Ratio,Wasilewska index of soil nematode,yet decreased Plant parasite index.Our study suggests that straw returning could improve nematode abundance,genus and the nematode food web stability,and then reduce the disturbance levels.However,there is no significant difference among the different returning amount of corn straw.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤线虫 营养类群 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学] X174[农业科学—农业基础科学]