地理空间数据可视分析综述  

A Survey on the Visual Analytics of Geospatial Data

作　　者：周志光 石晨[1] 史林松 刘亚楠 Zhou Zhiguang;Shi Chen;Shi Linsong;Liu Yanan(School of Information,Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018;State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江财经大学信息管理与工程学院,杭州310018 [2]浙江大学CAD&CG国家重点实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《计算机辅助设计与图形学学报》2018年第5期747-763,共17页Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61303133);浙江省自然科学基金(LY15F020024);全国统计科学研究重大项目(2015LD03);浙江省一流学科A类(浙江财经大学统计学)规划项目;浙江大学CAD&CG国家重点实验室开放课题(A1806)

摘　　要：地理空间数据通常是指用于描述自然现象和社会事件的发生及演变的空间位置、分布、关系、变化规律等方面的信息资料.随着获取渠道的多样化、采集过程的规范化以及采样粒度的精细化,地理空间数据普遍呈现属性描述多样化、特征分布时空化、结构关系层次化等特点,经典的统计分析软件和地理信息系统难以有效地发掘地理空间数据中隐含的复杂关系模式及结构特征.可视分析则是在有效地融合可视设计和数据挖掘模型的基础上,借助交互技术引导用户全面而细致地分析和探索地理空间数据中潜在的对象、过程、事件,以及所呈现的多维、时空、动态、关联等特征.因此,文中对面向地理空间数据可视分析的相关研究进行综述,首先从视觉元素映射的视角出发,介绍点、线、面、体等视觉元素在地理空间数据可视化过程中的设计与应用;其次对于地理空间数据的组织形式,分别概述具有显著多维、时空、层次等特点的地理空间数据的可视分析前沿技术和方法;进一步简述地理空间数据可视分析技术在自然环境、城市交通、人文经济等领域的拓展应用.在此基础上,对地理空间数据可视分析的未来发展趋势进行了展望.Geospatial data usually refers to information materials describing the occurrence and evolution of natural phenomena and social and historical events.With the diversification of access channel,standardization of acquisition process,and the refinement of sampling granularity,the geospatial data show the following characteristics:the diversification of attribute description,the temporalization and spatialization of feature distribution,and the hierarchy of structure relation.The classic statistical analysis software and geographic information system(GIS)are difficult to exploit the complex relationship patterns and structural features implied in geospatial data.Based on the effective fusion of visual design and data mining model,visual analysis technology interactively guide the users to analyze and explore the above characteristics of hidden objects,processes,events in the geospatial data.Therefore,this paper reviews the related research on the visual analysis of geospatial data.Firstly,we introduce the design and application of visual elements such as point,line,surface and body from the perspective of visual element mapping.Secondly,from the perspective of the organizational form of geospatial data,we summarize the advanced technologies and methods with respect to significant multidimensional,temporal-spatial and hierarchical features of geospatial data.Further,applications of the geospatial data visual analysis technology in the natural environment,urban traffic,human economy and other fields are illustrated.Finally,the future development trend of geospatial data visual analysis is prospected.

关 键 词：地理空间数据 可视分析 数据可视化 交互设计 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]