西方国家大口径火炮榴弹弹头机械触发引信发展综述  

Summary on Development of Mechanical Point Detonation Fuze of High Explosive Projectiles of Large Caliber Gun in Western Countries

作　　者：高飞[1] 王雨时[1] 闻泉[1] 张志彪[1] GAO Fei;WANG Yushi;WEN Quan;ZHANG Zhibiao(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science&Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《探测与控制学报》2018年第2期1-16,22,共17页Journal of Detection & Control

摘　　要：为了给我国大口径火炮榴弹弹头机械触发引信设计和深入研究提供参考,详细介绍了20世纪40年代以来西方国家大口径火炮榴弹弹头机械触发引信的特点,并以M739系列引信为例,深入分析了其子系统结构性能。从M48A3引信至M739引信衍变史发现,传爆序列中针刺雷管趋向于高感度化和小型化;自调延期结构可自适应控制引信炸点位置;提高活击体表面加工质量和装配精度,击针座材料改用锌合金压铸可提高自调延期机构作用可靠性;后坐保险机构和离心保险机构的低阈值设计提高了引信通用性,适当增大后坐销质量和保险簧抗力可解决低阈值设计情况下的安全性问题;延期解除保险机构中使平衡摆轴线和擒纵轮轴线相对于引信旋转轴线按等距离或接近等距离的紧凑方式布置、降低平衡摆材料密度和减小装配误差能提高其起动可靠性;硼粉含量为16%时的硼系延期药燃速快、延期精度高;结构设计简化后的装定机构装定可靠性高;栅杆式防雨机构可防直径4mm的雨滴,防雨装置使引信瞬发度略有降低;M739系列引信与弹连接螺纹相同,引信外形尺寸一致。In order to provide reference to the design and intensive study of mechanical point detonation fuze of high explosive projectiles of large caliber gun in China,characteristics of mechanical point detonation fuze of high explosive projectiles of large caliber gun in western countries since the 1940s were introduced detailedly,take the M739 series fuze for example,the performance of their subsystems structure was analyzed deeply.From the evolution of the history of fuze from M48A3 to M739,it was found that the stab detonator tends to be high sensitivity and miniaturization;the position of burst point of fuze was adaptively controlled by self-adjustable delay mechanism;the reliability of self-adjustable mechanism was increased by improving surface quality and assembly accuracy of plunger and using zinc alloy die casting material for firing pin holder;the commonality of fuze was increased by low threshold design of setback arming device and centrifugal arming device,security issues of low threshold design were solved by increasing setback pin s mass and safety spring s resistance;the starting reliability of delay arming device was increased by compactly making axes of balance and escape wheel relative to the fuze s spin axis equidistant or approximately equidistant,reducing material density for balance and assembly error;the burning speed and accuracy of boron-based delay compositions with 16%Boron were high;the reliability of simplified structure design of setting device was increased;the raindrop of 4 mm in diameter was prevented by cross bar rain insensitive device,the instantaneity of fuze was slightly reduced by rain insensitive device;the link thread between M739 series fuze and projectile were same,the contour dimensions of the M739 series fuze were consistent.

关 键 词：触发引信 炮弹引信 榴弹引信 系统分析 安全和解除保险装置 传爆管 通用性 

分 类 号：TJ431.3[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]