城镇化进程中失地农民与城镇居民和未失地农民收入差距研究——基于北京地区的调查数据  

The Income Gap Between Land-lost Farmers and Non Land-lost Residents in the Process of Urbanization: Based on Survey Data in Beijing

作　　者：王轶[1] 詹鹏[2] 姜竹[1] Wang Yi;Zhan Peng;Jiang Zu

机构地区：[1]北京工商大学经济学院 [2]南京财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2018年第4期121-139,共19页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"中国经济下行阶段就业结构调整与防范失业战略研究"(项目编号:16ZDA026);国家社会科学基金一般项目"我国社会性弱势群体基本权益保障实现的财政投入机制研究"(项目编号:14BJY149);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"我国城镇化进程中失地农民的就业问题研究"(项目编号:14YJA790057)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：本文基于北京师范大学"实施扩大就业"课题组于2008年和2015年对北京地区失地农民的连续调查数据,分析了失地农民与未失地居民(城镇居民和未失地农民)之间的收入差距,并且根据Cotton分解分析了收入差距产生的根源。研究发现,失地农民与未失地农民之间的收入差距在2008~2015年之间有所扩大;2015年城镇居民和未失地农民的个人平均收入分别比失地农民高出112%和50%;控制了一些可解释特征以后,其差距分别下降到23%和15%;按照Cotton分解的结果,特征差异(可解释部分差异)也达到60%左右,表明大部分差异都可以被解释。从就业者的分布趋势来看,失地农民逐渐分布于收入较低但相对稳定的行业中,在劳动力市场中的竞争力仍然较弱。在未来城镇化进程中,地方政府仍需重视失地农民的就业安置问题。This article uses survey data on land-lost farmers from“the task group on the expansion of employment”in Beijing Normal University in 2008 and 2015 in Beijing area to analyze the income gap between land-lost farmers and non land-lost residents(both urban and rural residents).The study examines the root causes of the income gap based on Cotton's decomposition method.The study finds that the income gap between land-lost farmers and non land-lost residents has expanded from 2008 to 2015.In 2015,the average income of urban residents and rural non land-lost residents were 112%and 50%higher than that of land-lost farmers.By controlling some of the explanatory features,the study shows that the gap has decreased to 23%and 15%respectively.The results from Cotton's decomposition show that the difference in the characteristics(which can explain part of the difference)is about 60%,indicating that most of the differences can be explained.The trend in the distribution of employment shows that land-lost farmers,whose competitiveness remains weak,are employed in relatively stable industries with relatively low income.Therefore,local governments still need to pay attention to the employment situation of land-lost farmers in the process of urbanization in the future.

关 键 词：城镇化 失地农民 未失地农民 收入差距 Cotton分解 

分 类 号：F047[经济管理—政治经济学]