对虾microRNA的最新研究进展  

Recent Advances in the Study of Shrimp MicroRNAs

作　　者：郭华荣 王玉[1] 左建伟 陈月如 GUO Hua-Rong;WANG Yu;ZUO Jian-Wei;Chen Yue-Ru(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding,College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院海洋生物遗传与育种教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生物进化与多样性研究所,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2018年第7期35-39,共5页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31472274;31172391);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2012AA10A402);海洋经济创新发展示范项目(12PYY001SF08);山东省科技重大专项(2015ZDJS04003)资助~~

摘　　要：miRNA(microRNA)是一类广泛存在的长度约为18~25nt(nucleotides)的单链非编码小RNA。它在转录后水平通过降解靶基因的mRNA或者抑制靶基因mRNA的翻译来调控靶基因的表达,在生物的生长、发育、代谢和免疫等多种生命活动中发挥重要作用。对虾miRNA的研究起步较晚,但近6年来取得了突飞猛进的进展。本文综述了对虾miRNA的发现与鉴定、作用机制及其生物学功能方面的研究概况,并对对虾miRNA的研究前景进行了展望。miRNA is a class of widely expressed single small non-coding RNA with the length of about 18~25 nt.miRNA regulates the expression of target genes at post-regulatory level via degrading mRNA of target genes or inhibiting their translation,and plays an important role in many biological processes including growth,development,metabolism,immunity,etc.Studies on shrimp miRNA are initiated relatively late,but have developed rapidly over the past six years.This review has summarized the recent advances in the identification and characterization,mechanism of action and biological functions of shrimp miRNA.Two often used methods for identification of shrimp miRNA candidates are molecular cloning and high-throughput sequencing.Techniques of miRNA microarray,quantitative real-time PCR,and Northernblot have been used for miRNA characterization.Similar mechanism of action is found in shrimp miRNA including its processing,maturation and post-transcriptional regulation.Hitherto,studies on the biological functions of shrimp miRNAs mainly focus on the examination of their roles in the shrimp virus infection and innate immunity of shrimp.Now hundreds of virus infection and innate immunity-related miRNAs have been reported from shrimps of Litopenaeus vannamei,Marsupenaeus japonicas,Penaeus monodon and Macrobrachium rosenbergii.And the biological functions of some of them have been further verified.Although much progress has been made in the studies of shrimp miRNAs,moreworks are still needed in several aspects.The discovery of novel shrimp miRNAs will contribute a lot to our understanding of many biological processes or behaviors in shrimp.However,up to date,the amount of shrimp miRNAs is still limited.Thus identification of novel shrimp miRNAs and their corresponding target genes should be further encouraged in the future,especially after the publication of the whole genome information of shrimp.And also,works on the investigation of the roles of shrimp miRNAs in the shrimp virus infection and shrimp innate immunity should be moved

关 键 词：对虾 MIRNA 靶基因 小RNA高通量测序 

分 类 号：Q74[生物学—分子生物学] Q78