清朝对甘青土司的治理及其影响  

Gansu and Qinghai's Chieftains under the Governance of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：武沐[1,2] 赵洁[2] Wu Mu;Zhao Jie

机构地区：[1]兰州大学历史文化学院 [2]兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心

出　　处：《民族研究》2018年第2期94-101,125,126,共9页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：教育部2016年基地重大项目"西北少数民族社会发展与治理创新中的向心运动研究"(项目编号:16JJD850003)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：清代甘青地区虽未进行大规模"改土归流",但清政府对于甘青土司仍然从政治、军事、经济、法律、"教化"等多方面进行了全面治理,如从体制上削弱土司,对甘青土司采取恩威并治的手段,强化法律约束,严控土司武装与禁止私藏武器,以及经济上的釜底抽薪。由于这些措施的实施,甘青土司发生了明显的变化:甘青土司对中央的依赖与认同进一步强化,土司地区存在的二元政治结构逐步瓦解;汉化与整合加速了甘青土司的衰败,儒家文化为中心的"教化"开始向土司内部渗透。Although local chieftains in Gansu and Qinghai were not replaced by the Qing officials,the Qing government still enacted comprehensive regulations in the aspects of politics,military,economics,law,and“Confucian civilizing mission,”such as decreasing the power of the local chieftains institutionally,adopting the ruling policy of benevolent authority over the chieftains?enforcing legal regulations?controlling the military equipment of the chieftains,and reformed the economic system fundamentally.Due to the influences of these measures,the local chieftains in Gansu and Qinghai were changed significantly.The chieftains became more dependent on the central government and their identity of the central authorities has been further strengthened.The diarchic structures in the chieftain regions gradually disintegrated,whereas the Sinicization and assimilation expedited the fall of the chieftains of Gansu and Qinghai.“Confucian civilizing mission”started permeating into the chieftainships.

关 键 词：清代 治理 土司 甘青地区 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]