生物炭与化肥氮配施对土壤氮素及烤烟利用的影响  

Effects of mined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on effective nitrogen in soil and nitrogen accumulation in flue-cured tobacco

作　　者：葛少华 丁松爽[1] 杨永锋[1,2] 李静静 阎海涛[1] 胡育玮[1] 李朋彦 刘国顺 GE Shaohua;DING Songshuang;YANG Yongfeng;LI Jingjing;YAN Haitao;HU Yuwei;LI Pengyan;LIU Guoshun(National Tobacco Physiology&Biochemistry Research Centre,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450002,China;China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室,河南郑州450002 [2]河南中烟工业有限责任公司,河南郑州450000

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2018年第2期84-92,共9页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：烟草栽培重点实验室资助项目"国家烟草专卖局重大专项"(110201101001TS-1);河南中烟工业有限责任公司资助项目"基于土壤碳氮平衡的烟草专用肥工程化技术研发"(ZW2014005)

摘　　要：【目的】为探讨施用生物炭对土壤氮素及烤烟对氮素利用的影响。【方法】2015—2016年在河南省方城县金叶园大田条件下,设置了添加生物炭后不同氮水平,研究对土壤硝态氮、铵态氮、碱解氮以及烤烟对氮素吸收积累的影响。【结果】在烟株生育期内,添加生物炭后显著提高了土壤硝态氮含量。2015年硝态氮含量最高达到铵态氮含量的15.72倍,2016年为34.56倍;2016年提高无机氮含量达6.70%~52.47%;添加生物炭对土壤碱解氮含量在烤烟生长前期有一定的提高作用,而在烟株打顶后有效降低了其含量,有利于顺应土壤供氮与烤烟需要适时落黄成熟规律。施加生物炭后,烤烟氮素积累速率前期较高,后期下降。连续施用2年后,氮素利用率可高达49.14%和47.62%。【结论】生物炭与氮肥配施,提高了土壤氮素含量,增施生物炭减少15%化肥氮仍能提高烤烟氮素利用,且连续施用对氮素固持和提高烤烟利用率效果明显。[Objective]This paper explores effect of biochar application on effective nitrogen in soil and nitrogen accumulation in fluecured tobacco.[Methods]In 2015-2016,different nitrogen levels after biochar application were set up in field of Fangcheng Gold Leaf Garden in Henan province,and effects of nitrate nitrogen,ammonium nitrogen,alkali-nitrogen and effect of flue-cured tobacco on nitrogen uptake and accumulation were studied.[Results]In the whole growth period of tobacco plant,content of nitrate nitrogen increased after biochar application.In 2015,the highest nitrate content was 15.72 times of ammonium nitrogen,34.56 times in 2016;and inorganic nitrogen content in 2016 was increased by 6.7%~52.47%.Addition of biochar can improve content of available nitrogen in early growth stage of flue-cured tobacco,but it effectively reduces the content of available nitrogen in maturity period,making it easy to adapt to soil nitrogen supply and requirement of flue-cured tobacco maturation.After biochar application,the nitrogen accumulation rate was higher in early stage and decreased in maturity period.After two years of continuous application,nitrogen utilization can be as high as 49.14%and 47.62%.[Conclusion]The application of nitrogen fertilizer with biochar could promote content of available form nitrogen in soil,and increase application of biochar and reduce application of nitrogen fertilizer by 15%and its continuous application could significantly improve nitrogen retention and utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：烤烟 生物炭 氮素形态 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]