地理信息系统(GIS)与中国历史研究  

The Application of the Geographic Information System in the Study of Chinese History

作　　者：张萍[1,2] Zhang Ping

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院 [2]邮编:100089

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2018年第2期35-47,158,共14页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"丝绸之路历史地理信息系统建设"(项目编号:14ZDB031)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：历史地理信息系统建设是信息化时代学术发展的要求,也是历史研究向纵深方向拓展的体现。作为历史信息存储、显示、管理、分析系统,近年来,国内相关数据平台越建越多,地理信息系统(GIS)对中国史学研究的贡献也初见成效,在历史气候、河流地貌、市镇经济、乡村聚落、水利社会、环境变迁、古代城市、古地图以及历史地理信息系统(HGIS)研究方法等九大领域都有突出的表现。GIS进入中国史学研究领域不仅带来研究方法的变革,同时也使历史研究理念更新,促成历史文献、古地图、遥感影像、考古信息等多元史料的应用,帮助我们完成一些动态追踪与多要素综合性研究。当然,目前受学科界线限制,历史地理信息平台建设薄弱,推介手段缓慢,这些因素都成为制约GIS方法应用于中国历史研究的瓶颈。The development of the historical Geographic Information System(GIS)not only meets the demand of academic research in the age of digital information,but also furthers historical research in depth.As a system for historical information storage,display,management,and analysis,an increasing number of data platforms have become recently available in China.The contribution of GIS to Chinese historical studies is noticeable especially in the nine areas,including historical climatology,rivers and landforms,urban and township economy,rural settlements,hydraulic projects and water management,environmental changes,ancient cities,ancient cartography as well as HGIS research methodology.The introduction of GIS to the study of Chinese history not only induces changes in research methodology but also updates the field with new ideas.For instance,the use of diverse sources of historical materials,including historical texts,ancient maps,remote sensing images,helps us to dynamically trace and comprehensively analyze historical materials.However,constrained by the boundaries of academic disciplines,the infrastructure of the HGIS studies remains fragile,and its development has been slow.These factors have prevented the further application of GIS in Chinese historical studies.

关 键 词：历史地理信息系统 中国史学 研究与应用 

分 类 号：K928.6[历史地理—人文地理学]