约翰·L.加迪斯冷战史研究的方法论转向  

From Theories of International Relations to Methods of History:The Methodological Turn in John Lewis Gaddis's Study of Cold War History

作　　者：曲升[1,2] Qu Sheng

机构地区：[1]聊城大学太平洋岛国研究中心 [2]邮编:252000

出　　处：《史学理论研究》2018年第2期105-115,160,共12页Historiography Bimonthly

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"美国外交史学史"(项目编号:13BSS026)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在方法论层面上,约翰·加迪斯的冷战史研究经历了由国际关系理论主导到历史方法主导的转向。20世纪90年代之前,加迪斯倡导跨学科视角,探索国际关系理论与外交史研究结合的途径,从理论上分析美国"遏制战略"和冷战进程,提出了冷战"长和平"的命题。不过,加迪斯根据现实主义理论做出的冷战史解读失之于简单化,而冷战的终结则进一步暴露了其研究方法的局限性。因此,冷战结束之后,加迪斯开始注重历史学的方法,尤其是新文化史的方法。加迪斯冷战史研究方法重心的转变,对美国外交史研究多元化协调发展而言,可能是一种缺憾。John L.Gaddis study of Cold War history underwent a shift in methodology from his early adoption of international relations theories to his later embracement of historical methods.Prior to the 1990s,Gaddis promoted an interdisciplinary approach in the study of Cold War history.In applying international relations theories to diplomatic history studies,he analyzed the U.S.government's Containment Policy and theoretically reexamined the process of the Cold War.He thus proposed the“Long Peace”thesis as a new interpretation of Cold War history.However,growing out of the realpolitik thinking in international relations theories,Gaddis s analysis of the Cold War was a bit over-simplified,and the sudden end of the Cold War further exposes the limits of his approach.As a result,after the Cold War,Gaddis turns to historical methods,especially the ones in new cultural history.The shift of the theoretical focus in Gadddis's research about Cold Ward history,to some extend,has a possible negative impact on the diversification and comprehensive development of the field of American diplomatic history.

关 键 词：约翰·加迪斯 国际关系理论 历史方法 冷战史研究 方法论转向 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]