多段分级转化流化床煤气化技术研究开发进展  

Research and Devolopment Progress in Multi-stage Conversion Fluidized Bed Coal Gasification Technology

作　　者：房倚天[1] 王志青[1] 李俊国[1] 聂伟[1] 郝振华[1] 李春玉[1] 王志宇[1] 刘哲语[1] 黄戒介[1] 张永奇 赵建涛[1] FANG Yitian;WANG Zhiqing;LI Junguo;NIE Wei;HAO Zhenhua;LI Chunyu;WANG Zhiyu;LIU Zheyu;HUANG Jiejie;ZHANG Yongqi;ZHAO Jiantao(State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion,Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,030001 Taiyuan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤转化国家重点实验室,太原博士研究员030001

出　　处：《煤炭转化》2018年第3期1-11,共11页Coal Conversion

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA07050100)

摘　　要：为提高流化床煤气化炉的碳转化率和处理能力,中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所对已有的灰熔聚流化床煤气化技术进行了升级,集成快速流态化技术,开发了多段分级转化流化床煤气化技术.该气化炉分为下部浓相射流段和上部快速提升段两部分,下部浓相射流段保留了灰熔聚气化技术的特征;在上部快速提升段,通过强化细粉循环以提高气固接触和细粉停留时间,并采取分段给氧方式以提高气化温度和细粉转化效率.通过基础研究,获得了煤加压热解特性和高温高压气化反应动力学规律;获得了加压气固流态化行为特征,分析了操作参数和关键结构对气固流场、浓度场分布的影响;完成了操作状态下气化炉内气固流动行为的数值模拟计算,研究了二次风对提升段流场的影响规律.在此基础上,建成了3.0 MPa、日处理煤量100t的中试装置,并开展了1.0MPa^2.8 MPa压力下的神木原煤及其热解半焦氧气/蒸汽鼓风中试试验研究.中试结果表明:在试验压力范围内实现了平稳长周期操作;可以直接气化热解半焦;带出细粉碳含量明显下降,气化碳转化率最高可达到95%;气化指标达到同类型气化炉先进水平.进而完成了千吨级工业示范装置的工艺软件包设计和经济评估.To increase the throughput and carbon conversion of coal gasifier,the ash agglomerating fluidized bed gasifier has been upgraded to the multi-stage conversion fluidized bed coal gasification(MSFBG)technology,which integrates the concept of fast fluidization technology,was proposed and presented by the Institute of Coal Chemistry,China Academy of Sciences.The gasifier is divided into two zones:the high-speed riser in the upper region and the dense jetting-fluidization zone in the lower region.The latter makes it possible to preserve the characteristics of agglomerating fluidized bed gasifier.While in the high-speed riser,the enhanced contact of gas and solid and long residence time are achieved by increasing the circulating ratio of fine powder,and a high gasification temperature is obtained by feeding oxygen.All of these can help to obtain a higher carbon conversion and processing capacity.In order to achieve the above-mentioned goals,the characteristics and kinetics of coal-pressured gasification were studied and analyzed.The influence of operation parameters and key structure on the gas-solid flow and distribution of concentration field were studied.Furthermore,the numerical simulation of gas-solid flow in gasifier and the influence of second blown gas on the flow field of lifting section were investigated.On the basis of these,the design and building of MSFBG pilot plant with a daily coal capacity of 100 t at 3.0 MPa were carried out.Some pilot gasification tests with Shenmu coal and its char,in which pressure is from 1.0 MPa to 2.8 MPa,pure oxygen/air blast acted as testing condition,were carried out.The results show that a reliable,stable and long-term operation can be easily achieved in the pressure range.In addition,the char also can be directly gasified;the carbon conversion can reach 95%;the performances of MSFBG has achieved the advanced level of the similar gasifiers.Moreover,the design software package and techno-economic evaluation of kiloton industrial demonstration device have also been finished.

关 键 词：段分级转化流化床 加压气化 流态化 中试 工业示范 

分 类 号：TQ051.13[化学工程] TQ545