施用氨基酸有机肥对黄瓜产量及土壤生物学性状的影响  

Effects of amino acid organic fertilizer on cucumber yield and soil biological characters

作　　者：吕娜娜 沈宗专 王东升 刘红军 薛超 李荣 沈其荣 Lü Nana;SHEN Zongzhuan;WANG Dongsheng;LIU Hongjun;XUE Chao;LI Rong;SHEN Qirong(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Solid Organic Waste Utilization/ Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization/National Engineering Research Center for Organic-Based Fertilizers,Nanjing Agricultural University,Na;Nanjing Institute of Vegetable Science,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院/江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室/江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心/国家有机类肥料工程技术研究中心,江苏南京210095 [2]南京市蔬菜科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2018年第3期456-464,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFE0101100;2017YFD0202101);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KJQN201746);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503110);国家自然科学基金项目(31601836);中国博士后科学基金项目(2016M590469)

摘　　要：[目的]养殖场病死畜禽的无害化、资源化处理是减少环境污染、保障养殖业良性发展而亟需解决的关键问题之一。高温酸解病死畜禽制成的氨基酸液与普通有机肥复配制成氨基酸有机肥是实现病死畜禽无害化、资源化利用的重要途径之一。本研究旨在评估氨基酸有机肥对黄瓜产量及土壤生物学性质的影响。[方法]采用实时荧光定量PCR等技术手段,研究连续施用氨基酸有机肥对设施黄瓜产量、土壤理化性质、氮素循环微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响。[结果]田间试验结果表明:与不施肥对照相比,氨基酸有机肥处理、单施化肥、施用鸡粪有机肥处理黄瓜分别增产48.2%、29.5%和30.6%。与不施肥对照相比,氨基酸有机肥处理能显著提高土壤pH值和铵态氮、硝态氮、有效磷的含量,而与其他施肥处理间差异较小。氨基酸有机肥处理土壤的氨氧化细菌数量显著高于不施肥对照,但显著低于其他施肥处理;反硝化nirK基因数量显著高于不施肥对照,而显著低于施用鸡粪有机肥处理;nirS基因数量显著高于不施肥对照及单施化肥处理。氨基酸有机肥处理土壤的过氧化氢酶及磷酸酶活性显著高于其他施肥处理和不施肥对照;脲酶活性显著高于不施肥对照但低于其他施肥处理;蔗糖酶活性显著高于不施肥对照且与其他施肥处理无显著差异。[结论]施用氨基酸有机肥可改善土壤理化性质,增强土壤生物肥力,提高根系可吸收利用的速效养分及游离氨基酸含量,增加黄瓜产量。[Objectives]Amino acid liquid,which is hydrolyzed from animal carcasses by concentrated sulfuric acid under high temperature,compounded with manure compost was used to develop a novel amino acid organic fertilizer.This is one of important ways to achieve the goal of bio-safety disposal and utilization of dead livestock and poultry to ensure the sustainable development of farmed animal industries.This study is designed to evaluate the effects of this amino acid organic fertilizer application on cucumber yield and soil biological properties.[Methods]The effects of continuous application of the novel product on greenhouse cucumber yield,soil physicochemical properties,nitrogen cycling microorganisms and soil enzyme activity were studied by real-time PCR and other technologies.[Results]Field experiment showed that the cucumber yield in amino acid organic fertilizer application treatment(AOF)increased by 48.2%,29.5%and 30.6%when compared with non-fertilization control(CK),fertilization treatments with application of only chemical fertilizer(CF)and common organic fertilizer(OF),respectively.Compared to CK,application of amino acid organic fertilizer could significantly increase soil pH value and the contents of total carbon,ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus,but only display small differences compared to other fertilization treatments(CF and CK).As revealed by real time PCR,the soil sampled from AOF exhibited a significantly higher abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria than that in soil collected from CK while exhibited a significantly lower abundance than that in soil collected from CF and OF.Meanwhile,soil collected from AOF displayed a significantly higher abundance of denitrifying nirK gene compared to soil sampled from CK but exhibited a significantly lower abundance compared to OF.Also,soil collected from AOF showed a significantly higher abundance of nirS gene compared to CK and CF.Amino acid organic fertilizer treated soil showed highest activities of catalase and phosphatase when com

关 键 词：氨基酸有机肥 黄瓜 产量 土壤酶活性 土壤养分 氮素循环微生物 

分 类 号：S147.5[农业科学—肥料学]