殷墟时期巫卜器具初探  

ON THE DIVINATION AND WITCHCRAFT IMPLEMENTS OF THE YINXU PERIOD

作　　者：何毓灵[1] He Yuling

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《考古学报》2018年第2期165-182,共18页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：国家社科基金一般课题“吸纳与融合:殷墟外来文化研究”(12BKG008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：2009年,中国社会科学院考古研究所安阳工作队在殷墟发掘了一处家族墓地[1].笔者认为应是殷代贞人家族墓地。笔者提出M103、M94“有些随葬器可能与卜骨整治、文字契刻及筮卦有关”[2],但未及对与巫卜器具展开详细讨论。近读相关文献,深感有进一步探讨之必要,藉此抛砖引玉。Through the examination to the inscriptions on the bronzes unearthed from burials M103 and M94 at Wangyukou Locus South of Yinxu Site in Anyang,Henan,this paper inferred that the occupants of these two burials were the members of the ii:^99 family of diviner in Phases I and I of the Yinxu Period.Among the grave goods unearthed from these burials,in addition to the bronze ritual vessels and weapons representing the social statuses of the occupants,there were also large amounts of implements.Comprehensive examination showed that these implements were closely related to the professional statuses of these burial occupants.These implements included oracle bone divining implements,such as engraving knives,adzes,chisels,whetstones,etc.;witchcraft implements,such as jade human figure with high crown,bone hairpin with exquisite cap,bronze staff,jade staff,etc.;and pebbles which might be used as implements of yarrow divination.The coexistence of these implements reflected that during the Yinxu Period,the divination and witchcraft were the same profession and the diviners were doing both oracle bone divination and yarrow stalk divination.However,along with the time went by,the significances of oracle bone and yarrow stalk divinations and witchcraft were continuing to change:in the early stage of the Yinxu Period,the diviner-witch group had strong power and numerous members?and held high social positions.Down to the later stage of the Yinxu Period,their importance and social positions were lowered;in the transitional period between the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties,the diviner-witch group was aloof from the political center and no longer had the power equal to or even higher than the royalty.The close and careful trimming of the grave goods revealed that just those artifacts which are easy to be neglected by the researchers thoroughly reflected the occupations of the burial occupants when they were alive.This also enlightened us to equally treat even pay more attention to those“trivial”artifacts so as to completely an

关 键 词：器具 殷墟 中国社会科学院 家族墓地 2009年 相关文献 抛砖引玉 工作队 

分 类 号：K876[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]