1949年前后中共取缔会道门运动考析——以河南省内乡县为例  

Abolition of Secret Societies by the Communist Party of China around 1949——A Case Study on Neixiang County,Henan Province

作　　者：李玉峰[1,2] Li Yufeng

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史系 [2]广西师范学院

出　　处：《近代史研究》2018年第3期104-120,161,共18页Modern Chinese History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目"中南六省农村调查资料整理与研究(1949-1954)"(14AZS009)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：1949年前后,中共为满足军队大举推进在一些地区临时采取的征粮、征兵和派伕支前等措施,有时会激起一些民变或"匪乱"。在会道门兴盛的地区,这种民变和"匪乱"往往利用会道门组织发起,对中共新生政权构成重大威胁。中共以比较稳妥的步骤和有效的方法取缔了会道门组织,其方法的核心是通过集训对会道门的中小头目施加压力,使其公开揭露和指责会道门组织及大会首的"黑暗内幕",摧毁大会首在会众中的道德威望,并揭破其拥有超常法力的幻象。这使得会道门组织内部失去互相信任和凝聚力,并使得会道门的大、中、小会首失去再组织和领导民间集体活动所需的道德威望与超凡魅力,从而基本瓦解了会道门这样一种农村基层社会的组织资源。Around 1949,in some areas,the Communist Party of China adopted temporary measures of levying grains,drafting,and recruiting laborers to fulfill the need for advancing troops.These measures often aroused riots.In the areas where secret societies flourished,such riots tended to take the advantage of secret societies and became enormous threats to the nascent Communist regime.The Communist Party of China took safe steps and effective methods to abolish the organizations of secret societies.Their major method was training and forcing lower-and middle-level cadres of secret societies to publicly expose and reproach the“black internal”of their organizations and leaders,so as to demolish the moral authority of the leaders among the rank and file and reveal that their leaders magic power was no more than illusion.It made members of secret societies lose mutual trust and consolidation,and all levels of cadres lose the moral authority and charismatic power to reorganize and lead collective activities among the people.As a result,secret societies as a kind of organizational resources in rural grassroots society were largely annihilated.

关 键 词：中国共产党 镇压反革命 取缔会道门运动 集训 会首 民间组织 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]