中国的市场分割会导致企业出口国内附加值率下降吗  

Does Market Fragmentation Curb Firms' DVAR in China

作　　者：吕越 盛斌 吕云龙[4] LYU Yue;SHENG Bin;LYU Yun-long(China Institute for WTO Studies,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100020,China;School of Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300071,China))

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学中国WTO研究院 [2]南开大学国际经济研究所 [3]中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心 [4]南开大学经济学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2018年第5期5-23,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“金融市场开放与本土制造业的出口价值链升级:来自中国的微观证据”(批准号71503048);国家自然科学基金重点项目“全球价值链与中国竞争力研究”(批准号71433002);国家社会科学基金重大项目“逆全球化动向与国际经贸规则重构的中国方案研究”(批准号17ZDA098)。

摘　　要：本文在构建市场分割影响中国企业附加值贸易的理论框架基础上,采用2000—2013年中国海关贸易数据库和中国工业企业数据库的整合数据,从微观企业层面实证检验市场分割对企业出口国内附加值率的影响。研究发现:市场分割对企业出口的国内附加值率产生显著的负向影响。虽然市场分割政策对地方政府而言是一个占优策略,但是会限制企业的规模经济收益,严重损害中国企业创造贸易附加值的能力。影响机制检验表明,市场分割会通过促进中间品进口、抑制创新和提高加工贸易占比三个渠道降低企业出口的国内附加值率。同时,从不同所有制看,市场分割对民营企业出口国内附加值率的负面效应显著大于国有和外资企业;从贸易模式看,市场分割对一般贸易企业出口国内附加值率负面影响远高出对加工贸易企业的影响;从地区划分看,相比于中西部地区,东部地区企业出口国内附加值率受到市场分割的负向影响更大;从行业要素密集度看,市场分割对资本密集型和技术密集型企业出口国内附加值率的负向影响大于劳动密集型企业。本文发现中间品贸易自由化和上游垄断会强化市场分割对企业出口国内附加值率的负向影响。通过打破地域间的分割、有效削弱市场壁垒、加快清理废除妨碍统一市场和公平竞争的各种规定和做法,是提高中国企业出口的国内附加值率、推进"中国制造"向全球价值链高端跃升和构建开放新体制的重要路径。This paper presents a theoretical model of market fragmentation’s effect on Chinese firms’DVAR and uses China’customs transaction-level trade data and annual surveys of industrial firms data from 2000 to 2013 to analyze the effect of market fragmentation on firms’DVAR.We find that market fragmentation has a negative effect on firms’DVAR.Although the policy of market fragmentation is a dominant strategy for local government,it limits firms’benefits of scale economy and damages the ability of China’s firms to create more value added.According to the study of mechanism,market fragmentation affects firms’DVAR by promoting intermediate trade,depressing innovation and increasing the ratio of processing trade.Besides,from the perspective of different ownership,the negative effect of market fragmentation on private firms is more significantly than that on state-owned and FDI firms.Based on different trading patterns,market fragmentation has a stronger negative impact on DVAR of ordinary trade than that on processing trade.From the perspective of regional division,compared to the central and western regions,market fragmentation has a more significant negative effect on eastern region’s firms.From the angle of industry’s factor intensity,market fragmentation has a larger negative effect on capital-intensive and skill-intensive firms than on labor-intensive firms.Meanwhile,we also find liberalization of intermediate trade and upstream monopoly can strengthen the negative effect of market fragmentation on firms’DVAR.The practices of breaking the regional segmentation,effectively weakening market barriers,and abolition of impeding the unified market and fair competition are the important ways to improve Chinese firms’DAVR and promote China’s manufacturing to the high end of global value chain.

关 键 词：市场分割 出口的国内附加值率 全球价值链 晋升锦标赛 供给侧结构性改革 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]