产品关联、市场邻近与企业出口扩展边际  

Product Relateness, Market Proximity and Enterprise Export Extensive Margin

作　　者：孙天阳[1] 许和连[1] 王海成 SUN Tian-yang;XU He-lian;WANG Hai-cheng(School of Economics and Trade,Hunan University,Changsha 410079,China;Institute of Industrial Economics and Technological Economics,Academy of China Macroeconomics,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学经济与贸易学院 [2]中国宏观经济研究院产业经济与技术经济研究所

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2018年第5期24-42,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"‘一带一路’相关国家贸易竞争与互补关系研究"(批准号16ZDA038);国家自然科学基金面上项目"文化的空间结构对国际贸易网络演化的影响研究"(批准号41371134);湖南省研究生科研创新项目"全球高端制造业贸易网络演化机制研究"(批准号CX2016B141)

摘　　要：改革开放以来,中国的产品几乎销往所有国家,产品种类则几乎覆盖了国际贸易的所有部门。这一现象虽然受到了学术界广泛关注,但其原因一直缺乏科学解释。本文基于2000—2006年中国工业企业数据、中国海关进出口数据和CEPII-BACI数据测算了中国企业新增出口关系与企业所在城市其他企业的出口产品关联和市场邻近,实证检验了产品关联、市场邻近对企业出口扩展边际的影响。研究发现:中国企业出口范围扩展速度在样本区间呈上升趋势,但新增出口关系多为低技术产品,将已出口种类产品销往新的市场是其扩展出口范围的主要方式。企业在扩展出口范围过程中存在一定路径依赖,与当地其他企业的产品关联和市场邻近有助于提升出口扩展边际表现,并且这一结论非常稳健,而企业与自身的产品关联和市场邻近则表现为替代效应。产品关联和市场邻近对企业出口扩展边际的促进作用存在群体差异,依赖于出口扩展边际类型、产品技术密集度、企业所在地区以及贸易类型特点。本文的研究结论对提升中国企业出口扩展边际的表现具有重要的政策启示。As a developing country,China’s product is almost sold to all countries,and its product category is almost covered all sectors of international trade,whose reason has been lack of scientific explanation,and has been widely concerned by academics.Based on China’s industrial enterprises and customs trade database,CEPII-BACI database from 2000 to 2006,this paper measures the product relatedness and market proximity of new export relations of China’s enterprises with the locality,and has a empirical analysis about the effect of product relatedness and market proximity on the export diversification.The results shows that:①The speed of Chinese enterprises’export diversification is on the rising trend in the sample range,but the new export relationship is mostly low-technology products,resulting in limited income.Exporting the exported product category to new markets is the main way of export diversification.②Enterprises have a certain path dependence in the process of export diversification.The product relatedness and market proximity of new export relations with the locality can help to enhance the diversification of export performance,and this conclusion is very stable,but product relatedness and market proximity of new export relations with the enterprise’s own performance as a substitute effect.③The promoting effect of product relatedness and market proximity on the export diversification have group differences,depending on type of export diversification,technology intensity of product,region of the enterprises’locality and trade mode.The conclusion of this paper has important policy implications for enhancing the extensive margin of Chinese enterprises’exports.

关 键 词：产品空间 市场邻近 出口扩展边际 制造业集聚 

分 类 号：F420[经济管理—产业经济]