高铁网络、市场准入与企业生产率  

High-speed Railways, Market Access and Enterprises' Productivity

作　　者：张梦婷 俞峰[2] 钟昌标 林发勤[2] ZHANG Meng-ting;YU Feng;ZHONG Chang-biao;LIN Fa-qin(School of Economics Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;School of International Trade and Economics Central University of Finance and Economics,Beijing 1100081,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学经济学院 [2]中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2018年第5期137-156,共20页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目"引进外资与对外投资两大战略的协调机制与政策研究"(批准号71673182);国家社会科学基金重大项目"国际贸易保护主义发展趋势及我国应对策略研究"(批准号12&ZD097)

摘　　要：迅猛发展的中国高铁对社会经济发展产生日益显著的影响,因而亟待对其经济效益进行刻画和测度。为此,本文通过匹配1999—2011年中国城市数据、中国高铁网络数据和工业企业数据,定量探究了高铁对企业生产率的影响及其内在机制。结果显示:(1)高铁开通负向影响了外围城市的企业生产率,效应值为12.46%;分别采用不同的估计方法和使用其他代理变量等方法进行稳健性检验,构建了最小生成树作为工具变量来处理内生性问题,研究结论依然成立。(2)机制探究结果表明,高铁提高了地区市场准入,促进外围城市资本和劳动力等生产要素向中心城市的集聚而对外围城市产生虹吸效应,进而负向影响其企业生产率。进一步,本文依据城市初始交通禀赋、行业要素密集度和高铁站与城市中心的相对距离对机制进行了验证,发现城市初始交通禀赋越低、行业资本或技术密集度越高、高铁站距离城市中心越近,高铁的虹吸效应越明显;高铁虹吸效应的有效范围是高铁站与城市中心30km的道路距离。本文的研究表明,提高高铁的经济福利和减少其对地区间发展不平衡的影响,可以从科学控制高铁修建速度、优化高铁站选址和培育地区特色产业等方面着手。With the rapid development of China’s HSR,its impact on economic development is increasingly prominent.By matching database of China’s urban data,HSR data and China’s industrial enterprise data in the period of 1999-2011 and introducing the index of market access,we quantitatively explored the relationship between China’s HSR and enterprises’productivity.As revealed by the results,firstly,baseline regression show the HSR connection negatively affects enterprises’productivity and the marginal magnitude is 12.46%.Several robustness checks,such as alternative regression and proxy variables,confirm the reliability of the conclusions.To reduce the endogeneity of HSR’s construction,we adopt the least cost path spanning tree network as an instrumental variable,and results are still supportive.Secondly,mechanism research reveals that the negative effects are originated from spatially reallocation of resources.More precisely,with the connection of HSR,much more resources run from peripheral cities to core ones.Furtherly,sample is reclassified based on the endowment transportation of the city,factor intensity of the industry and state ownership heterogeneity of enterprises,and distance between HSR station and the city center to verify the mechanism.We find the siphonic effect is inversely proportionate to city’s transportation endowment and labor intensity of the industry,and the functional range of the effect is 30km road distance from HSR station to city center.Therefore,to enhance HSR’s welfare effect and reduce regional inequality,measures such as controlling the speed and rhythm of HSR construction,scientifically planning HSR station and fostering local featured industry are significative.

关 键 词：高铁网络 市场准入 企业生产率 最小生成树 虹吸效应 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]