个人信息保护:从个人控制到社会控制  

Protection of Personal Information: from Individual Control to Social Control

作　　者：高富平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学 [2]华东政法大学数据法律研究中心

出　　处：《法学研究》2018年第3期84-101,共18页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"信息服务与信息交易法律制度研究"(项目批准号:13&ZD178)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：欧洲基于对人的尊严的保护,美国基于对个人自由的保护,形成了个人信息的个人控制论,以实现个人自治,保护人的基本权利。但个人信息保护权并不是一项全面的、绝对的支配权。个人信息不仅关涉个人利益,而且关涉他人和整个社会利益,个人信息具有公共性和社会性。传统的个人信息个人控制理论是建立在个人主义观念下,忽视了个人信息的社会性、公共性,不仅不能全面反映个人信息的法律属性,而且不能适应大数据时代个人信息利用的新环境和新方式。这预示着个人信息保护应从个人控制走向社会控制。我国应当从个人信息的法律属性出发,以社会控制论指导个人信息保护立法,建立平衡个人利益和社会整体利益的、适应大数据时代的个人信息保护制度。The theory of individual control over personal information,which is based on the principle of human dignity in Europe and the principle of personal freedom in the U.S.,aims at protecting the citizen’s fundamental rights and personal autonomy.The right to the protection of personal information,however,is not an independent and absolute right,but an institutional arrangement at the level of fundamental rights.Personal information has social and public properties because it concerns not only the interests the individual whose personal information is to be protected,but also the interests of other individuals and the society as a whole.Because of its individualistic foundation and its disregard for the social and public properties of personal information,the traditional theory cannot fully reflect the properties of personal information and adapt to the new situation and methods of the use of personal information in the age of big data.This means that the theory of personal information should undergo a transition from one based on personal control to one based on social control.China should develop a new personal information protection system adapted to the big data era by taking the legal properties of personal information as the starting point and the social control theory as the legislative guidance and striking a balance between individual interests and the interests of the society.

关 键 词：个人信息 个人信息保护 隐私保护 个人信息社会控制 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]