环境规制、收入分配失衡与政府补偿机制  

Environmental Regulation,Income Distribution Imbalance and Government Compensation Mechanisms

作　　者：范庆泉[1] FAN Qingquan(School of Public Finance and Taxation,Capital University of Economics and Business)

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学财政税务学院,邮政编码100070

出　　处：《经济研究》2018年第5期14-27,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：北京市优秀人才培养资助青年骨干个人项目( 2017000020124G186) ;环境保护部环境规划院统筹环境与经济协调发展课题( 2017A234) ;首都经济贸易大学科研启动基金项目的资助

摘　　要：在新古典理论的鞍点路径上,本文构建了包括清洁品、污染品及能源生产三个部门的理论模型,加入政府治污投入外部效应的污染治理机制,采用shooting方法计算鞍点路径上的均衡解,设计动态环保税及政府补偿率的优化政策组合,研究环境规制政策所导致生态保护者与环境受益者的收入分配失衡问题。主要结论为:渐进递增的环保税及政府补偿率的环境政策组合,实现了经济持续增长、环境质量提升和收入分配格局改善的三重红利。相比而言,过度的政府补偿政策,会抑制经济增长速度,延缓收入分配格局改善进度;而不足的政府补偿政策,会导致收入分配格局失衡,扩大的产出规模也不会带来社会福利增进。绿色经济增长路径上环保税与政府补偿机制之间的动态优化组合,对于发挥环境规制的有效性和调动全社会参与生态保护的积极性具有重要的政策启示。In recent years,new environmental inequalities caused by pollution control actions have become an increasingly serious concern in China.The ongoing implementation of government environmental regulation policies has reduced the production of pollutants by industries.However,the income gap between ecological protectors and environmental beneficiaries is continuously widening,and new environmental inequalities have emerged.Among the various measures taken by governments to address the imbalance of income distribution caused by pollution control,the government s eco-compensation mechanism has proved to be an effective method for environmental protection.There has been widespread consensus on the positive externalities of pollution control;however,the income inequality caused by pollution control has not received sufficient attention.Furthermore,the incentives provided by the government's consumer compensation mechanism for ecological protection and pollution control stakeholders are often overlooked by environmental regulators.It is worth noting that China introduced an environmental protection tax in 2018.However,corresponding regulations on government expenditure have not yet been introduced.Neither the current theoretical research nor the practice of China s environmental governance clearly demonstrate how to balance pollution emission punishment with ecological protection fiscal expenditure.This study examines the income inequality in China caused by pollution control using the saddle path of the neo-classical model.This saddle path is used for the following reasons.First,unlike the steady state economy model,the saddle path can describe the gradual accumulation of environmental pollution.Second,China s economic development is still in the saddle path stage of the neo-classical model,far from the equilibrium of a steady state.Few studies of China s economic issues adopt the saddle path,as the equilibrium solution for the saddle path of the neo-classical model is very complex.Therefore,this study establishes a the

关 键 词：环境规制 收入分配失衡 政府补偿机制 鞍点路径 

分 类 号：H23[语言文字—少数民族语言] Q52[生物学—生物化学]