社会分层结构与创新驱动的经济增长  

Social Stratification and Innovation-based Economic Growth

作　　者：邵宜航[1,2] 张朝阳 刘雅南[4,2] 刘霞辉 SHAO Yihang;ZHANG Zhaoyang;LIU Ya nan;LIU Xiahui(School of Economics,Xiamen University;Center for Research on Economy and Culture,Xiamen University;School of Public Finanle and Taxation,ZUFE;School of Economics&Management,Fuzhou University;Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院 [2]厦门大学经济与文化研究中心,邮政编码361005 [3]浙江财经大学财政税务学院 [4]福州大学经济与管理学院 [5]中国社会科学院经济研究所,邮政编码100836

出　　处：《经济研究》2018年第5期42-55,共14页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"供给侧结构性改革视阈下的社会结构与经济增长研究"(16ZDA007);国家自科基金青年项目"社会分层;社会流动与经济增长"(71503050)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从经济学与社会学跨学科的视角思考我国时下的供给侧结构性改革,应该关注社会结构对经济增长的影响。关于现代经济增长,理论与实践均证明了包括创业在内的创新在其中的核心作用。而从社会分层的视角,创新群体形成的职业阶层与其他职业阶层间可能存在差异。这种阶层差异将对创新进而对增长产生影响。本文在创新的增长模型基础上,导入职业阶层因素,利用理论模型解析其影响机制。分析表明,当创新阶层的阶层地位低于与其存在人力资源竞争关系的其他职业阶层时,阶层差异将不利于经济的长期增长,且这种负面效应将随创新效率的提升而加剧。而影响职业分层的人才选考制度对经济增长可能产生正反两面的不同效应。本文还尝试利用我国省际面板数据对主要结论进行实证检验。Some giants of classic economics,such as Marx,Weber,and Schumpeter,emphasized the connection between economy and society and the impact of social factors on economic development.More recent research has neglected these interactions as a result of the separation of economics and sociology into different fields of research.However,the recent revival of interdisciplinary studies in economics and sociology and the supply-side structural reforms that China is vigorously promoting have lead researchers to reconsider the links between social stratification and economic growth.Classic theories of social stratification were shaped by Weber s social status(prestige)dimension,Durkheim s emphasis on the occupational community,and Parsons argument(Parsons was one of the key figures in modern American sociology)that status or honor is the most important dimension of social stratification.In economics,the second wave of endogenous growth theory that began in the 1990s highlights the central role of innovation(R&D)in economic growth.Combining these economic growth and social stratification theories suggests that if an economy s occupational classes have distinct levels of innovation,then the class structure may affect the innovation efficiency of the entire society.When innovation becomes the engine of economic growth,there is no doubt that an occupational class structure like the one discussed above will have a non-negligible impact on growth.According to Romer s product-variety model of endogenous growth,an economy consists of a final goods sector and a sector that produces intermediate goods,which can be viewed as the innovation sector.In this study,we introduce three stratified occupational classes into this economic model:the general workforce at the lower level,the innovation class(including entrepreneurs)at the middle level,and the public administration class at the upper level.The labor in the public administration class contributes to the productivity of the final product sector.There are differences in the utility of t

关 键 词：职业分层 经济增长 创新 

分 类 号：J24[艺术—美术] R11[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]