偶然性与历史的行动者——基于马克思《博士论文》的解读  

Contingency and Historical Actors: An Interpretation of Marx's Doctoral Dissertation

作　　者：方珏[1] Fang Jue

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学研究》2018年第6期17-25,128,共10页Philosophical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目"英国马克思主义哲学中的阶级理论研究"(编号12CZX005)的阶段性成果;武汉大学"当代中国马克思主义实践哲学研究团队";中南财经政法大学2016中央科研基本业务费"国外马克思主义哲学的基本理论问题研究"的资助

摘　　要：在马克思主义哲学发展史中,无论是关于理论与实践关系的探讨,还是对马克思主义哲学的实质究竟是实践唯物主义还是历史唯物主义的辩论,抑或对历史唯物主义是哲学还是"真正的实证科学"的论争,都是对马克思哲学的不同理解,这些不同理解都与马克思哲学在面对自由意志与决定论的关系这样一个贯穿于哲学史的根本理论难题时的理论态度相关。本文回溯到马克思在《博士论文》中对偶然性概念的厘清与改造,指出马克思哲学与一种非决定论的唯物主义哲学传统的联系,并指明这一传统在西方马克思主义哲学那里得到了新的发展。In the developmental history of Marxist philosophy,different understandings of Marx s philosophy have driven discussions about the relationship between theory and practice,debates over whether the essence of Marxist philosophy is practical materialism or historical materialism,and even arguments about whether historical materialism is philosophy or a“true positive science.”Substantially,these different understandings have to do with theoretical attitudes toward Marx s philosophical views on the relationship between free will(indeterminism)and determinism,which is always a fundamental theoretical problem throughout the history of philosophy.This paper tries to hark back to Marx s clarification and transformation of the conception of contingency in his Doctoral Dissertation,and to illuminate how Marx s endeavor combines with the philosophical tradition of indeterminist materialism,thereby realizing a new development in Western Marxist philosophy.

关 键 词：偶然性 必然性 唯物主义 

分 类 号：B022.2[哲学宗教—哲学理论]