防除小麦田鬼蜡烛主要除草剂的筛选  

Screening of main herbicides to control Phleum paniculatum in wheat fields

作　　者：吴晗 张佩 张玉华 张健 董立尧 WU Han;ZHANG Pei;ZHANG Yuhua;ZHANG Jian;DONG Liyao(College of Plant Protection/Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests,Ministry of Education,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学植物保护学院/农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2018年第4期670-675,共6页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022)

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在明确侵入麦田恶性杂草鬼蜡烛(Phleum paniculatum)的适宜田间防除药剂。[方法]采用整株生物测定法研究鬼蜡烛对不同除草剂的敏感性。[结果]发现小麦田常用土壤处理剂吡氟酰草胺、丙草胺、异丙隆、绿麦隆对鬼蜡烛毒力效果显著,ED90值均低于各自的推荐剂量;茎叶处理除草剂啶磺草胺、炔草酯、异丙隆、三甲苯草酮和氟唑磺隆对鬼蜡烛毒力较好,ED90值亦均低于各自的推荐剂量;甲基二磺隆和精唑禾草灵对鬼蜡烛毒力较差,ED90值分别是各自推荐剂量的2倍和3.5倍。非小麦田除草剂二甲戊灵、乙草胺、甲氧咪草烟、敌草隆、乙氧氟草醚、氨唑草酮对鬼蜡烛毒力较好,ED90值均低于各自的推荐剂量,二甲戊灵和氨唑草酮对小麦的选择性指数分别为2.49和2.47,一定剂量下对小麦安全。[结论]鬼蜡烛对麦田常用除草剂吡氟酰草胺、丙草胺、异丙隆、绿麦隆、啶磺草胺、炔草酯、三甲苯草酮和氟唑磺隆仍比较敏感,在各自推荐剂量下均能有效防除鬼蜡烛,但对精唑禾草灵和甲基二磺隆不敏感。[Objectives]This study was to find out the appropriate herbicides to control a malignant weed Phleum paniculatum in wheat fields.[Methods]Whole-plant bioassay was conducted to determine the sensitivity of P.paniculatum to various different herbicides.[Results]Whole-plant bioassay revealed that the pre-emergence herbicides in wheat fields,such as diflufenican,pretilachlor,isoproturon,chlortoluron,and post-emergence herbicides,including pyroxsulam,clodinafop,isoproturon,tralkoxydim,flucarbazone were most effective on controlling P.paniculatum.Their ED 90 values were all below their recommended doses respectively.P.paniculatum was not sensitive to fenoxaprop or mesosulfuron,and the ED 90 values were 2 and 3.5 times higher than their recommended doses respectively.Herbicides which were not used in wheat field,such as pendimethalin,acetochlor,diuron,oxyfluorfen,and amicarbazone also had significant control effect on P.paniculatum.Their ED 90 values were all below their recommended doses.The selectivity index of pendimethalin and amicarbazone were 2.49 and 2.47 respectively,which were safe to wheat at a certain dose.[Conclusions]P.paniculatum was sensitive to most wheat field herbicides,including diflufenican,pretilachlor,isoproturon,chlortoluron,pyroxsulam,clodinafop,tralkoxydim and flucarbazone,and it could be controlled effectively at their recommended doses,but was not sensitive to fenoxaprop or mesosulfuron.

关 键 词：鬼蜡烛 除草剂 室内生物测定 敏感性 安全性 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]