马克思的私有财产批判及其人本经济学的建构理路--《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的政治经济学革命  

Principled Approach to the Construction of Karl Marx's Critique of Private Property and His Humanist Economics: the Revolution of Political Economics in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844

作　　者：毛加兴[1] MAO Jia-xing

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学政治学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2018年第4期71-76,共6页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：高校人文社会科学研究重点项目(SK2018A0113)。

摘　　要：《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思将政治经济学与哲学人本学相融合,建构与重物轻人的资产阶级经济学不同的"人本经济学"的首次尝试。《手稿》"笔记本Ⅰ"的私有财产批判集中体现了马克思的这一致思理路。首先,马克思发现国民经济学只关注财富分配的物质表现形式,忽视了物的分配背后人的现实生存问题,由物的关系到人的关系,是人本经济学研究主题的转向。其次,"异化劳动"概念的提出是对私有财产主体本质的重新界定,马克思发现私有财产的生产与人的具有社会性的生命活动相关,为人本经济学确立了现实立足点。最后,异化劳动与私有财产关系问题的讨论,是资本起源的哲学证明,找到了"非我"的异己力量,从而赋予政治经济学扬弃私有财产解放人类的历史使命。The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844“(The Manuscripts”for short below)is the first attempt for Karl Marx to integrate the political economy and philosophical humanism and to construct the“humanist economics”opposite to the bourgeois economics focusing on the matter but neglecting the individual.The Critique of private property in The First Manuscript of The Manuscripts embodies such a principled approach of thinking by Marx.First,Marx finds that the national economics only focuses on the material form of wealth distribution,but neglects the problem of human realistic existence behind the distribution of the things.It is the turning from the matter relation to the human relation that is the one of the research theme of humanist economics.Second,the proposal of the concept“alienated labor”is a redefinition of the essence of private property.Marx finds that the production of private property is related to human social life activities,and establishes the realistic standpoint for the humanist economics.Last but not the least,the discussion of the relationship between the alienated labor and the private property is the philosophical proof of capital origin,which finds out the alienation power of“nonego”and gives the political economy the historical mission to develop and discard the private property and to liberate human beings.

关 键 词：笔记本Ⅰ 私有财产 人本逻辑 异化劳动 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]