医疗保障的反贫困作用与机制设计  

Anti-Poverty Function of Medical Security and its Mechanism Design

作　　者：潘文轩[1] PAN Wen-xuan(Shanghai Party Institute of CPC,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]中共上海市委党校上海发展研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《西北人口》2018年第4期51-59,72,共10页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：全国统计科学研究项目"我国收入再分配政策公平效应的测度评价与成因分析"(2016LY97);上海市哲学社会科学规划中青班专项课题"收入分配视角下农民共享经济发展成果的制度安排研究"(2018FZX015)

摘　　要：医疗保障是反贫困的一项重要制度安排,在当前全力实施脱贫攻坚和大力推进健康扶贫的背景下,医疗保障改革应更重视反贫困目标导向。基于家庭人均相对收入函数的数理分析,从收入与支出两个维度揭示了医疗保障反贫困的作用路径、机制与效果,论证了医疗保障有助于降低贫困率与减轻贫困度。同时还说明,医疗保障结构、医疗保险缴费、医疗保险待遇、医疗救助条件等医保制度要素,以及医疗服务供给、医疗服务需求价格弹性、疾病康复特点等外部因素,均会影响医疗保障反贫困的作用效果。优化我国医疗保障反贫困机制设计的要点为:完善贫困群体的医疗保险缴费减免机制,调整优化医疗保险的补偿及支付机制,积极发展与努力健全非缴费型医疗保障,以系统性思维推进医疗保障反贫困制度建设。Medical security is an important institutional arrangement for combating poverty.Currently,in the context of full implementation of poverty alleviation and vigorously promotion of Healthy Helping Poverty,the reform process of medical security should put more weight on the target of anti-poverty.Based on mathematical analysis of the Per Capita Relative In?come Function,the paper reveals the mechanism and the effect of medical security on anti-poverty from dimensions of both income and expenditure,demonstrating the fact that medical security helps reducing the poverty rate and alleviating the de?gree of poverty.The paper also illustrates that the institutional factors of medical security including medical security struc?ture,medical insurance premium,medical insurance treatment and medical aid condition as well as some external factors such as supply of medical services,price elasticity of demand for medical services and disease rehabilitation characteristics,will influence anti-poverty effect of medical security.The key to optimize anti-poverty mechanism design for medical securi?ty in China is to improve the remission system of medical insurance premium for the poor,perfect the compensation and pay?ment mechanism of medical insurance,develop non-contributory medical security and promote relevant mechanism design with systematic thinking.

关 键 词：医疗保障 反贫困 人均相对收入函数 补偿机制 

分 类 号：F323.89[经济管理—产业经济]