雏禽体温调节机能的发育规律及神经内分泌机制  

Ontogenic Pattern of Avian Thermoregulation and Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms

作　　者：赵景鹏[1] 焦洪超 王晓鹃 林海[1] ZHAO Jingpeng;JIAO Hongchao;WANG Xiaojuan;LIN Hai(Shandong Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control,Department of Animal Science,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学动物科技学院,山东省动物生物工程与疾病防治重点实验室,泰安271018

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2018年第7期2445-2452,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0500510);国家自然科学基金(31672442);山东省“双一流”建设奖补资金。

摘　　要：从种蛋入孵到生后早期,禽胚和雏禽的体热平衡依次受到种蛋和禽胚的高热导性、蛋壳和尿囊绒毛膜对氧气的扩散阻力、甲状腺的发育程度和幼雏的代谢能力限制。一直到种蛋孵化的后期,禽胚对冷刺激才表现出产热反应。在出壳前后,雏禽已经具备良好的体表和体核温度感知功能,下丘脑神经元对冷表现出高敏感性。中枢激素如下丘脑促甲状腺激素释放激素、促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素对雏鸡产热具有重要影响,下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴从孵化中期开始发挥作用,到后期与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴互作,但至今尚未发现甲状腺激素、皮质酮调控新生仔鸡体温发育的直接证据。本文综述了雏禽体温调节机能的发育规律及神经内分泌机制,以期为家禽热舒适尤其是中枢神经系统可塑性的调控提供参考。In ovo,nascent thermoregulation is subjected to several limitations,including the high thermal conductance of hatching eggs and embryonic tissues at the mercy of ambient temperatures,the rate of oxygen diffusing through the eggshell and chorioallantoic membrane,the maturity of thyroid activity and the metabolic capacity of embryos.During later stages of incubation,egg cooling induces a compensatory increase of metabolic rate.During the late prenatal and early postnatal period,peripheral and deep-body thermoreceptors are present and functional.Maturation of the hypothalamic thermosentivity takes place with a relatively high cold sensitivity in early life.The thyroid-releasing hormone and the corticotropin-releasing hormone,produced by the hypothalamus,are possibly more important in thermoregulatory abilities of birds than their end organ products.The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis becomes functional during the mid-embryonic period,and shows close relationships with hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis toward the end of incubation.Recent studies,however,were not able to show any direct effect of the thyroid and adrenocorticoid hormones on the thermoregulation of day-old chicks.This review clearly describes the ontogenic pattern of avian thermoregulation and underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms,in order to lay a reference for modulation of thermal comfort,notably the plasticity of central nervous system.

关 键 词：体温调节 神经内分泌 个体发生 禽胚 雏禽 

分 类 号：S831.4[农业科学—畜牧学]