开食料中不同中性洗涤纤维水平对犊牛屠宰性能、器官指数及复胃发育的影响  

Effects of Starters with Different Neutral Detergent Fiber Levels on Slaughter Traits,Organ Indexes and Development of Stomachus Compositus of Dairy Calves

作　　者：任春燕[1,2,3] 毕研亮 杜汉昌[4] 于博 屠焰 郭艳丽 刁其玉[2,3] REN Chunyan;BI Yanliang;DU Hanchang;YU Bo;TU Yan;GUO Yanli;DIAO Qiyu(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture,Feed Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition,Beijing 100081,China;Shandong Yinxiangweiye Group Co.,Ltd.,Heze 274400,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业部饲料生物技术重点试验室,北京100081 [3]奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室,北京100081 [4]山东银香伟业集团有限公司,菏泽274400

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2018年第6期2402-2410,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“幼龄反刍动物消化道微生物演替与肠道发育调控”(2017YFD0500502).

摘　　要：本试验旨在探索开食料中不同中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平对犊牛屠宰性能、器官指数及复胃发育的影响。选用初生重[(42.0±2.5)kg]相近、饲喂足量初乳的1~3日龄中国荷斯坦犊牛60头(其中公犊牛36头、母犊牛24头),随机分为4组,每组9头公犊牛、6头母犊牛,70日龄断奶。15日龄开始A、B、C和D组饲喂NDF水平实测值分别为12.85%、19.91%、26.99%和34.04%的开食料。试验期112 d。结果表明:B组犊牛体增重显著高于C和D组(P<0.05);B组屠宰率和净肉率显著高于D组(P<0.05),胴体重、肉骨比、胴体出肉率也高于其他3组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);从复胃发育来看,B组瘤胃重占复胃总重比例和网胃重占复胃总重比例显著高于D组(P<0.05),D组瓣胃重占复胃总重比例显著高于A(P<0.05);A和B组瘤胃中pH显著高于C和D组(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,15~112日龄犊牛开食料中NDF水平为19.91%时,有助于提高犊牛体增重和屠宰性能,促进内脏器官及胃肠道的发育。The objective of this study was to determine the effects of starters with different neutral detergent fi-ber(NDF)levels on slaughter traits,organ indexes and development of stomachus compositus of dairy calves.Sixty newborn dairy calves(24 females and 36 males)with similar birth weight[(42.0±2.5)kg]and enough colostrum supplemented were randomly assigned to four groups with 9 male and 6 female calves each group.All calves were weaned at 70 days of age.Groups A,B,C,and D were fed one of the four starters with NDF levels(measured values)of 12.85%,19.91%,26.99%,and 34.04%,respectively.The experiment lasted for 112 days.The results showed as follows:body weight gain in group B was significantly higher than those in groups C and D(P<0.05).Dressing percentage and net meat rate in group B were significantly higher than those in group D(P<0.05).Group B also had higher carcass weight,ratio of meat to bone and meat percent-age of carcass compared with the other three groups,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05);about the development of stomachus compositus,rumen weight percentage of stomachus compositus total weight and reticulum weight percentage of stomachus compositus total weight were significantly higher in group B than in group D(P<0.05),while omasum weight percentage of stomachus compositus total weight was significantly higher in group D than in group A(P<0.05);groups A and B had significantly higher pH in rumen compared with groups C and D(P<0.05).In conclusion,starter with 19.91%NDF for dairy calves at 15 to 112 days of age can improve the body weight gain,slaughter traits,and promote the development of organs and gastroin-testinal tracts.

关 键 词：荷斯坦犊牛 中性洗涤纤维水平 开食料 采食量 屠宰性能 器官指数 复胃发育 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]