起爆方式对岩石爆破裂纹扩展影响的实验分析  

Experiment analysis the effect of the initiation form on the rock blasting crack propagation

作　　者：孙俊鹏[1] 李晓杰[2] 缪玉松[1,2] 闫鸿浩[2] 王小红[2] SUN Jun-peng;LI Xiao-jie;MIAO Yu-song;YAN Hong-hao;WANG Xiao-hong(Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone Jin-yuan Blasting Co.,Ltd.,Dalian 116600,Liaoning,China;State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment,Department of Engineering Mechanics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连经济技术开发区金源爆破工程有限公司,辽宁大连116600 [2]大连理工大学工程力学系工业装备结构分析国家重点实验室,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《工程爆破》2018年第3期7-13,共7页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11672067;11272081)

摘　　要：为了了解硬岩爆破施工中,提高炸药能量利用率的最佳起爆方式或药包结构,在聚能作用和岩石破碎理论的基础上,分析了空穴聚能、爆轰聚能的聚能作用和爆破裂纹产生机理及准则。通过实验研究了中心雷管、空穴聚能和爆轰聚能的装药方式下爆破裂纹扩展规律。结果表明,3种装药方式下的岩石破碎区范围相差不大,但是中心雷管起爆时岩石径向裂纹较均匀,空穴聚能时在聚能罩的方向上形成较宽、较长的爆破裂纹,爆轰聚能在起爆点中心轴线上形成大的扩展裂纹,虽其宽度和长度均略小于空穴聚能装药,但该方法避免了金属材料的消耗和繁琐的施工工艺。结合红沿河核电站取水隧洞盾构孤石预裂爆破施工,开展的爆轰聚能的工业应用实验表明,采用爆轰聚能爆破技术使孤石强度大幅降低,减少了孤石对盾构机刀盘的磨损,避免了卡钻现象,使盾构机掘进速率提升至10.42mm/min,极大的提高了施工效率。研究结果对起爆技术改进和夹制力大的孤石爆破具有一定的指导意义。In order to understand the best initiation method or charge structure for improving the energy efficiency of explosives in hard rock blasting construction,based on the theory of cavity effect and rock fragmentation,the cavity effect of void cavity and detonation cavity was analyzed,and blasting crack generation mechanism and criteria.The explosion crack propagation law was experimentally studied under central detonator,void cavity and detonation cavity.The results showed that the range of rock crushing areas under the three types of charge patterns is not much different,however,when the central detonator detonates was used,the radial cracks of the rock were more uniform,when the void cavity was used,a wide and long blasting crack was formed in the direction of the cavity cover,when the detonation cavity was used,a larger crack was produced on the vertical centerline of the initiating point,however,this method avoided the consumption of metal materials and cumbersome construction processes.Combined with the construction of pre-splitting blasting of the shield stone in the water intake tunnel of the Hongyanhe nuclear power station,the industrial application of the detonation cavity experiment showed that the boulder strength was greatly weakened,the shield tunneling speed increased to 10.42 mm/min,and blasting efficiency was greatly improved.The results had a guiding significance for the theoretical research of initiating form and hard rock blasting.

关 键 词：空穴聚能 爆轰聚能 起爆方式 岩石破碎 聚能作用 

分 类 号：TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]