精细化管理在隧洞光面爆破施工中的作用  

The function of precise management in smooth blasting construction of tunnel

作　　者：杨玉银[1] 左祥[1] 张健鹏[1] 刘志辉[1] 韩静 王先浩[1] YANG Yu-yin;ZUO Xiang;ZHANG Jian-peng;LIU Zhi-hui;HAN Jing;WANG Xian-hao(Sinohydro Bureau 5 Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610066,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司,成都610066

出　　处：《工程爆破》2018年第3期55-60,共6页Engineering Blasting

摘　　要：在乌干达卡鲁玛水电站尾水隧洞14.584km的主洞开挖施工中,为了取得良好的光面爆破效果,减少爆破对围岩的扰动,在做好光面爆破设计、选用合理的参数、严格实施钻孔爆破工艺的同时,采取了针对钻爆作业人员和每个开挖作业面的精细化管理,对出现的问题及时沟通,反复培训,指导改进钻爆工艺。隧洞开挖施工的全过程贯穿着"服务、指导、监督"的管理理念,最终尾水隧洞开挖取得了较好的光面爆破效果,光面爆破半孔率达90%以上。实践表明:对于隧洞开挖光面爆破,除了合理的设计装药结构、线装药密度外,做好员工培训、测量放线、钻孔、装药、联网爆破的每一个环节,才能取得令人满意的光爆效果。To achieve an excellent smooth blasting and minimize the disturbance from blasting during the excavation of 14.584 km long tunnels in Karuma hydropower project.While doing smooth blasting design,selecting reasonable parameters and strictly implementing drilling and blasting technology,precise management of drilling and blasting personnel and each excavation face has been carried out.Timely communication and training should be conducted to improve the drilling and blasting process.The whole process of tunnel excavation is run through the management concept of"service,guidance and supervision",the tailrace tunnel excavation achieves a satisfactory smooth blasting,of which semi-hole rate is more than 90%.This practice has shown that apart from proper explosive charging structure and density of explosive per meter,each step of the smooth blasting of tunnel excavation needs to be completed well,including worker training,surveyor positioning,hole drilling,explosive charging,and the whole net detonating,to achieve satisfactory smooth blasting.

关 键 词：隧洞开挖 光面爆破 精细化管理 过程控制 技术培训 现场指导 

分 类 号：TD854.2[矿业工程—金属矿开采]