电化学砂带复合加工回转沟槽表面的形貌与精度特性  

Surface Topography and Accuracy Characteristics of Electrochemical Abrasive Belt Finishing of Rotational Groove

作　　者：庞桂兵[1] 辛开开 徐文鹏 蔡晓 高腾[1] 卜繁岭[1] PANG Gui-bing;XIN Kai-kai;XU Wen-peng;CAI Xiao;GAO Teng;BU Fan-ling(Dalian Polytechnic University,Dalian 116034,China;Dalian Huizhigongda Special Precision Machinery Company,Dalian 116034,China)

机构地区：[1]大连工业大学,辽宁大连116034 [2]大连汇智工大特种精密机械有限公司,辽宁大连116034

出　　处：《表面技术》2018年第7期73-82,共10页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51675072);辽宁百千万人才项目((2015)69号)~~

摘　　要：目的通过电化学砂带复合加工实现回转表面上沟槽结构的光整。方法针对沟槽结构的特殊性,提出阴极悬浮定位方式控制加工间隙。通过对比有无电化学作用条件下砂带抛磨加工获得的表面形貌差异,以及分析加工过程中表面形貌的变化规律,研究电化学作用和机械作用对表面形貌与精度特性的影响机理。进行工艺参数对表面粗糙度和圆度影响的实验,获得单因素条件下各工艺参数的优化取值范围。进行正交实验和极差分析,获得各工艺参数对表面粗糙度和圆度影响重要性的排序。综合单因素和正交实验结果,确定面向表面粗糙度和圆度的工艺参数优化取值范围。结果砂带无轴向运动时,该工艺能实现小极间间隙条件下的稳定加工,同时获得良好的表面质量和加工精度。机械作用参数对表面粗糙度的影响程度大于电化学作用参数,砂带压力为主要因素;电化学作用参数对圆度的影响程度大于机械作用参数,加工电流为主要因素。结论对回转沟槽表面等磨具难以实现轴向运动的部位进行表面光整加工,电化学砂带复合加工是一种有效方法。The rotational groove structure is a class of important structure on the mechanical parts.However,it is difficult to finish the surface because of the limitation of the structure.This work aims to realize the finishing of rotational groove structure by electrochemical abrasive belt finishing.Considering the characteristic of the groove structure,the suspension cathode was adopted to control the machining gap.By comparing the difference of the surface topography obtained by abrasive belt polishing with and without electrochemical action and studying the change rule of surface topography during the machining process,the influence mechanism of electrochemical action and mechanical action on surface topography and accuracy characteristics was studied.The influence of process parameters on the roundness and surface roughness was studied to obtain the optimization range of each process parameter by the single factor experiment.The importance of process parameters’influence on the surface roughness and the roundness was obtained by orthogonal experiment and the extreme difference analysis.The optimum range of process parameters for surface roughness and roundness was determined by the results of single factor and orthogonal experiments.When the abrasive belt was free from axial movement,this method could machine with small gap steadily and achieve the excellent surface quality and precision.The influence of mechanical parameters on the surface roughness is more important than the electrochemical parameters,and the abrasive belt pressure is the most important influencing factor.The influence of electrochemical parameters on the roundness was more important than the mechanical parameters and the current is the most important influencing factor.Electrochemical abrasive belt finishing is an effective method to finish the surface of the rotational groove where is difficult to conduct axial movement of abrasive tool.

关 键 词：电化学加工 电化学砂带复合加工 光整加工 回转表面 沟槽 

分 类 号：TG580.6[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]