对王湾三期文化族属的新思考  

A New Thinking on the Cultural Ethnicity of Wangwan Ⅲ Culture

作　　者：魏继印[1] Wei Jiyin

机构地区：[1]河南大学考古文博系

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2018年第4期47-52,共6页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中原和江汉文明的碰撞;交流与融合研究"(12BKG020)阶段性成果

摘　　要：王湾三期文化是分布于今河南省中部的一支龙山时代晚期文化,长期被视为中原龙山文化的代表,因与二里头文化关系密切,而被认为是早期夏文化或先夏文化。不过,最新的研究显示,二里头文化的主要源头并非王湾三期文化而是新砦文化,新砦文化则主要来源于豫东地区的造律台文化却不是王湾三期文化,王湾三期文化则主要来源于淮河流域的大汶口文化而非中原地区的仰韶文化。这些研究表明,王湾三期文化很可能不是夏文化或先夏文化,而应跟东夷族有关。禹时的华夏集团中有两个东夷人,一个是皋陶,另一个是伯益,他们都是禹的助手,地位非常显赫。经考察,王湾三期文化的年代与皋陶和伯益所处的年代相合,其来源于东夷文化的性质与皋陶和伯益是东夷人的身份相符,它的分布范围与皋陶和伯益及其后裔的活动区域大体一致,新砦文化对它的取代也与启杀伯益建立夏王朝的记载相契,故应是皋陶和伯益族群的文化。The Wangwan III Culture is a late Longshan Period Culture distributed in present central Henan Province,regarded as the representative of Longshan Period Cultures in the Central Plains for quite a long time.Due to its close relationship with the Erlitou Culture,it is viewed as the Early Xia Culture or the Predynastic Xia Culture.However,according to my latest research,the Erlitou Culture mainly originated from the Xinzhai Culture,and the Xinzhai Culture mainly originated from the Zaolütai Culture in eastern Henan.The Wangwan III Culture mainly originated from the Dawenkou Culture in the Huai River basin rather than the Yangshao Culture in the Central Plains.All these points suggest that the Wangwan III Culture is probably not the Xia Culture or the Predynastic Xia Culture,and should be related to the Eastern Yi ethnic group.In the Huaxia polity of the Yu??s time,there were two Eastern Yi figures,Gaoyao and Boyi,as Yu’s prominent assistants.The date of the Wangwan III Culture was coincided with the date of Gaoyao and Boyi;its distribution is roughly consistent with that of Gaoyao and Boyi,as well as their descendants;and its replacement by the Xinzhai Culture also coincided with the establishment of Xia Dynasty and the execution of Boyi by Qi,therefore the Wangwan III Culture should be the Culture of Gaoyao and Boyi’s ethnic group.

关 键 词：王湾三期文化 皋陶 伯益 

分 类 号：K871.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]