明朝灭亡原因新探——以明代人心体系的建构与崩解为视角  

A New Approach to the Causes of the Collapse of Ming Dynasty——A Case Study of Construction and Deconstruction of People's Mentality in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：胡火金[1] 敬淼春 HU Huojin;JING Miaochun(School of Society,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu,215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学社会学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《西南石油大学学报（社会科学版）》2018年第4期111-120,共10页Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：明朝灭亡原因复杂多面,其中明末自上而下的人心崩解可谓是导致明亡的重要原因。当时,君无公心,无天下之观;士无道心,无荣辱之观;民无恒心,无家国之观。君、士、民三阶层所建构的人心体系的崩解,显示出明朝政权已无法凝聚力量重建统治秩序,凝聚之心已成离散之态,遂至明亡。人心体系是君主统治术、士人儒家准则以及民众道德规范三者结合而成的社会政治伦理,政治体系与秩序的稳定态势与社会政治伦理联系紧密。明朝是中国传统社会转型的关键时期,以人心体系为框架的社会政治伦理渐趋变化,但是受传统政治机制和体系本身构成学理的限制,体系转型失败进而走向崩解。明朝人心体系的建构与崩解既可作为研究明朝灭亡的一个视角,也可作为研究晚明时期中国社会转型的一个新维度。There are various and complex reasons for the collapse of the Ming Dynasty,of which the disintegration of the people’s hearts from the top to the bottom can be described as one of the important causes.At that time,the king had no concern about the public and the state;the scholars had no sense of morality and honor;the people had no perseverance and no patriotism.The deconstruction of people’s mentality reflected in the king,the scholars,and the people indicated that the Ming regime had been unable to assemble forces to re-establish the order of ruling,which led to the demise of the Ming Dynasty.People’s mentality is a social political ethics formed by the ruling of monarchy,the Confucius criteria of scholars,and the moral code of the people.The stability of the political system and the order is closely linked with social and political ethics.The Ming Dynasty was a critical period for the transformation of traditional Chinese society when the social and political ethics gradually changed with people’s mentality as the framework.However,due to the constraints of the traditional political mechanism and the system itself,the system transformation turned into a failure which led to deconstruction.The construction and deconstruction of people’s mentality in the Ming Dynasty can also be taken as a new angle in the study of the transformation of Chinese society during the late Ming period.

关 键 词：明朝 人心 天下观 荣辱观 家国观 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]