我国水务产业市场绩效评价及其影响因素  

The market performance evaluation of Chinese water industry and its determinants

作　　者：曾贤刚[1] ZENG Xian-gang(School of Environment and Natural Resources,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2018年第7期2768-2776,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：中国人民大学"中央高校建设世界一流大学(学科)和特色发展引导专项资金"项目(16XNL004)

摘　　要：基于DEA方法和SCP分析框架,运用63家水务企业面板数据计算了我国水务产业的市场绩效,同时使用Tobit模型分析了该市场绩效的影响因素.研究表明,水务产业整体市场绩效不高,存在较多"双低型"企业,即纯技术效率与规模效率均较低的水务企业;各个企业市场绩效整体高低不齐,差距较明显.从纯技术效率分析,我国水务企业的各项资源投入存在不同程度的冗余,尤其研发投入平均冗余率最高,表明水务企业过于依赖购买外部专利,自主创新能力差;固定资产冗余率较高,表明水务设备运转率偏低,闲置率较高.从规模效率分析,大部分企业处于规模递增发展阶段,尤其是地方性企业的规模效率很低,但有少数企业已到达了规模递减阶段.从影响因素来看,服务城市个数、水价、排水量与企业效率呈现正相关关系,国有股份比例、政府补助、COD排放量与企业效率呈现负相关关系.Based on the DEA approach and market structure-behavior-performance analysis framework,this paper evaluates the market performance of Chinese water industry by using the panel data from 63 water enterprises,and analyzes its determinants by employing a Tobit model.The results show that the overall efficiency of the industry was not high.The pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of some enterprises were all very low.The relative performance of enterprises was quite different.From the pure technical efficiency analysis,the water enterprises in China have different levels of redundancy,especially R&D investment average redundancy rate was the highest,indicating that water companies were too dependent on the purchase of external patents,independent innovation ability was poor.Fixed asset redundancy rate was higher,indicating that the water equipment operating rate was low,the idle rate was higher.From the scale of efficiency analysis,most enterprises were in the stage of increasing scale,but there were a few companies reached the stage of scale decline.And the number of service cities,water price,displacement and enterprise efficiency were a positive correlation,the proportion of state-owned shares,government subsidies,COD emissions and enterprise efficiency are a negative correlation.

关 键 词：DEA 水务产业 市场绩效 TOBIT模型 

分 类 号：X324[环境科学与工程—环境工程]