小麦EMS突变体的创制与性状鉴定  

Creation and Identification of Characters of Wheat EMS Mutants

作　　者：袁秀芳 王丹峰 殷慧娟 何方[1,2] 刘树兵 Yuan Xiufang;Wang Danfeng;Yin Huijuan;He Fang;Liu Shubing(College of Agronomy,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Taian 271018,China;College of Agronomy,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2018年第7期61-66,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业良种工程项目(2016LZGC023)

摘　　要：EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变育种技术是利用EMS处理种子,使其发生基因突变,在短期内获得有价值的突变体,为育种工作提供丰富遗传变异的一项技术。本研究利用EMS诱变处理小麦品系山农666-2和山农861的种子,在M_1代分别收获203、306个单株,种成M_2株行;在M_2代,每一行收获一个代表性单株,同时收获有明显变异的单株,最终,山农666-2及山农861各收获290、412个单株,种成M_3株系。对M_3代进行了株高、抽穗期、白粉病、条锈病等性状的调查分析。在山农666-2中,株高变异明显,变异范围为40~80cm,获得一些高秆、矮秆变异株系;鉴定出一些高抗条锈病或高感白粉病的株系;发现较野生型最早提前2天或最晚延迟14天抽穗的株系。在山农861中,同样获得高秆、矮秆变异株系,株高变异范围在25~85 cm;鉴定出一些高抗白粉病或高感条锈病的株系;抽穗期变异从最早提前3天抽穗至延后11天抽穗。本次诱变处理获得的突变体变异丰富,这为小麦农艺性状相关基因及抗病基因的发掘、克隆及功能研究提供了重要的基础材料,同时也为小麦育种提供了重要的种质来源。EMS(ethyl methane sulfonate)mutagenesis is a technology that uses EMS to treat seeds and cause mutations,so that we can obtain valuable mutants in a short period and provide a large number of germplasm resources for breeding.In this study,the seeds of wheat cultivars Shannong 666-2 and Shannong 861 were treated respectively by EMS,and we obtained 203 Shannong 666-2 and 306 Shannong 861 single plants in the M 1 generation,then planted them into M 2 lines.In M 2 generation,one representative plant in each row and the single plants with significant variation were harvested.We obtained 290 Shannong 666-2 and 412 Shannong 861 single plants,and then planted as M 3 lines.In the M 3 generation,the traits such as plant height,heading date,resistance to powdery mildew and stripe rust were investigated in the adult plant stage.In Shannong 666-2,the variation of plant height was obvious with the variation range of 40~80 cm,and several high and dwarf mutant lines were obtained;some strains with high resistance to stripe rust or highly susceptible to powdery mildew were identified.It was found that the heading date of some lines was 2 days earlier or 14 days later than the wild type.In Shannong 861,we also obtained several high or dwarf mutant lines,and the plant height range was 25~85 cm;some strains with high resistance to powdery mildew or high sensitivity to stripe rust were identified.And the change in heading date ranged from 3 days earlier or 11 days later than the wild type.The above results indicated that the mutants obtained by this mutagenesis was abundant,which provides important basic materials for the identification,cloning and functional analysis of wheat agronomic trait-related genes and disease-resistant genes,as well as important germplasm for wheat breeding.

关 键 词：小麦 EMS诱变 突变体 农艺性状 抗病性 

分 类 号：S512.103.52[农业科学—作物学]