生物炭配施微肥对菜园土壤有效态重金属含量的影响  

Influence of biochar combining with micro-fertilizer on available heavy metal content in vegetable garden soil

作　　者：汪亚会 覃雨虹 马彦蓉 尚怡静 黎华寿 陈桂葵 WANG Yahui;QIN Yuhong;MA Yanrong;SHANG Yijing;LI Huashou;CHEN Guikui(College of Natural Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Tropical Agro-Environment in South China,Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Eco-Agriculture and Circular Agriculture,Guangzhou 510642,Chi)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院/农业部华南热带农业环境重点实验室/广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术研究中心,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2018年第5期18-24,共7页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0801500);广东省科技计划项目(2016A020210036)

摘　　要：【目的】研究生物炭配施微肥对土壤有效态重金属含量的影响。【方法】采用室内模拟试验,向重金属污染的菜园土壤中添加皇竹草生物炭、咖啡渣生物炭、花生壳生物炭和微肥(铁肥、锰肥和硅肥),分别在处理14和28 d时测定土壤中5种重金属(Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Ni)的有效态含量。【结果】添加了生物炭或微肥土壤中的有效态重金属含量均比对照组低。其中单一钝化剂处理中,皇竹草生物炭和硅肥的钝化效果较好。在复配试验中,皇竹草生物炭+铁肥对土壤重金属Cu、Pb和Cd的钝化效果较好,处理14 d后其有效态含量的降幅分别达32.94%、31.26%和21.21%,对土壤有效态Zn含量的降幅为6.82%,但对土壤Ni的钝化效果不明显;处理14 d后咖啡渣生物炭+铁肥对土壤重金属Ni和Zn有效态含量的降幅也分别达22.64%和10.35%,钝化效果显著;处理28 d后,花生壳生物炭+铁肥对土壤重金属Cu钝化效果最好,有效态Cu含量降幅达49.06%;咖啡渣生物炭+硅肥对土壤Ni和Zn钝化效果最好,有效态含量降幅分别达23.73%和9.72%。【结论】生物炭配施微肥对土壤有效态重金属含量降低的效果优于单施生物炭或单施微肥,其中,皇竹草生物炭配施铁肥可用于土壤重金属Cu、Pb、Zn和Cd复合污染的钝化。【Objective】To examine the effect of biochar combining with micro-fertilizer on soil available heavy metal content.【Method】Indoor simulation experiment was conducted.Pennisetum hydridum biochar,coffee grounds biochar,peanut shell biochar and micro-fertilizer(iron fertilizer,manganese fertilizer and silicon fertilizer)were added to the vegetable garden soils polluted by heavy metals,and the contents of available Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Ni were determined on the 14th and 28th days.【Result】The available heavy metal contents in soils added with biochar or micro-fertilizer were lower than that of the control group.In single passivator treatments,P.hydridum biochar and silicon fertilizer had better heavy metal immobilization effects.In the blended passivator treatments,P.hydridum biochar combining with iron fertilizer had better Cu,Pb and Cd immobilization effects,the contents of available Cu,Pb,and Cd decreased by 32.94%,31.26%and 21.21%respectively on the 14th day.The content of available Zn decreased by 6.82%,and the immobilization effect on Ni was not obvious.When coffee grounds biochar was added with iron fertilizer,the contents of available Ni and Zn decreased by 22.64%and 10.35%respectively on the 14th day.The immobilization effects were remarkable.On the 28th day,peanut shell biochar combining with iron fertilizer showed the best immobilization effect on Cu,the content of available Cu decreased by 49.06%.Coffee grounds biochar combining with silicon fertilizer had the best immobilization effect on Ni and Zn,the contents of available Ni and Zn decreased by 23.73%and 9.72%respectively.【Conclusion】The reduction effects of biochar combining with micro-fertilizer on available heavy metal content in soil are better than that of single biochar or micro-fertilizer.P.hydridum biochar combining with iron fertilizer can be used to immobilize combined heavy metal pollution of Cu,Pb,Zn and Cd in soil.

关 键 词：生物炭 微肥 菜园土壤 有效态重金属 钝化 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学] X171.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]