制度移植何以失败?——以陆村小额信贷组织移植“格莱珉”模式为例  

Why Does the Institutional Transplantation Fail?——A Case Study Based on the Implementation of Grameen Model by Microfinance Organization in Lu Village

作　　者：程士强 Cheng Shiqiang

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学社会学系

出　　处：《社会学研究》2018年第4期84-108,243,244,共26页Sociological Studies

摘　　要：制度移植是一种颇受争议的制度变迁类型。本文不争论"制度是否能够移植"、"制度是否应该移植"等应然层面的问题,而是在实然层面探究影响制度移植结果的社会因素及其作用机制。通过"格莱珉"模式在特定社区的移植案例,文章首先分析了地方观念—认知系统,总结出了"文化排异性"这一分析变量;其次考察了社区层面的社会基础,也就是当地的社会关系与社会组织状况以及当地人的行为方式,提炼出了"社会整合度"这一分析变量。将这两个分析变量结合在一起,本文尝试建构一个关于制度移植成败的解释框架:文化排异性通过影响制度在地方社区中的"合法性"来发挥作用,社会整合度则影响制度在地方社区中的"可行性"。文化排异性高和社会整合度低都会增加制度移植失败的可能性,特定地方社区在这两个变量上的不同组合会导致不同的制度移植结果。Institutional transplantation is crucial to the process of institutional diffusion.This paper explores the landing practice of Grameen Model after it is adopted by microfinance organization,namely its acceptability and substantial influence in local community.Different from technical explanations or cultural explanations,this paper focuses on the specific cognition and evaluation from the local people,and the specific social foundation of this institutional model in the local community.Firstly,through the case of the implementation of Grameen Model in Lu village,this paper analyzes the local concept-cognitive system,and puts forward the analytical variable of“cultural exclusion”.Secondly,this paper investigates the social foundation in the local community,and presents the“degree of social integration”as another analytical variable.Combining the two variables,this paper attempts to construct an explanatory framework for the result of institutional transplantation:high degree of cultural exclusion or low degree of social integration will increase the possibility of failure of institutional transplantation,which means different combinations of these two variables in specific local communities lead to different results of institutional transplantation.

关 键 词：制度移植 社会基础 文化排异 社会整合 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] F832.4