古尔班通古特沙漠南缘寄生蜂种类及发生规律  

Species Composition and Occurrence Regularity of Parasitic Wasp in Southern Margin of Gurbantunggut Desert

作　　者：韩国栋[1] 苏杰[1] 李勤[2] 李婷[1] 张建萍[1] HAN Guo-dong;SU Jie;LI Qin;LI Ting;ZHANG Jian-ping(Key Laboratory for Oasis Agricultural Pest Management and Plant Protection Resource Utilization at Universities of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang,8320;College of Life Science and Technology,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830001,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆绿洲农业病虫害治理与植保资源利用自治区高校重点实验室/新疆建设兵团绿洲生态农业省部共建国家重点实验室培训基地/石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2018年第5期880-887,共8页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31460472)~~

摘　　要：【目的】寄生蜂作为一类寄生性天敌昆虫,寄生于鳞翅目、双翅目等昆虫的幼虫、卵或蛹,是一类重要的天敌昆虫,对害虫的发生起到一定的控制作用。研究新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南缘寄生蜂发生及转移规律,为控制农田、交错带、沙漠植物的害虫及沙漠天敌昆虫资源的保护利用提供科学依据。【方法】采用网捕法,定时定点调查了古尔班通古特沙漠南缘沙漠、农田及交错带植株上寄生蜂的发生情况。【结果】共采集寄生蜂533只,5个总科、10科,其中小蜂总科Chalcidoidea数量最多,占总数的46.90%;姬蜂总科Ichneumonoidea和细蜂总科Proctotrupoidea分别占寄生蜂总量的27.02%和21.20%,茧蜂科Braconidae数量为144只,占总数的27.02%,为优势科。在农田、交错带、沙漠三个生境中,寄生蜂的发生均为先增后减的趋势,5月均开始发生,6月交错带生境(0.90头/(m^2·d))达到全年高峰,农田生境与沙漠生境在7月达到全年最高值分别为(0.94头/(m^2·d))和(0.80头/(m^2·d))。从5~9月在不同的样点中,杂草样点(0.82头/(m^2·d))寄生蜂数量明显高于其他样点,交错带短命植物样点(0.20头/(m^2·d))最低。【结论】古尔班通古特沙漠南缘有丰富的天敌昆虫资源,寄生蜂种类丰富数量多。沙漠与交错带为寄生蜂提供了稳定的庇护所,故保护沙漠与交错带植被。减少近沙漠农田杀虫剂的施用以保护寄生蜂,更好的发挥天敌控害的作用。【Objective】Parasitoids,as a class of parasitic natural enemies,parasitic on the larvae,eggs or pupae of Lepidoptera,Diptera and other insects,are a kind of important natural enemy insects,and play a certain role in controlling the occurrence of pests.This project aims to study the occurrence and transfer of parasitic wasps on the southern margin of Guerbantungote Desert in Xinjiang which might provide scientific basis for the control of insect pests and protection and utilization of natural enemy insect resources in farmland,ecotone and desert plants.【Method】In this experiment,the occurrence of parasitic wasps in the desert,farmland and plantlets in the southern margin of Guerbantungott Desert was investigated by net capture method.This research was done using fixed-point sampling method weekly.【Result】553 parasitic wasps were collected during the test,5 superfamilies and 10 families,among which,Chalcidoidea is the most abundant in the family,accounting for 46.90%of the total.Ichneumonoidea and Proctotrupoidea accounted for 27.02%and 21.20%,respectively.The number of Braconidae was 144,accounting for 27.02%of the total,which was the dominant family.In the three habitats of farmland,ecotone and desert,the occurrence of parasitic wasps increased first and then decreased.Parasitic wasps began to appear in May,the number of parasitic wasps in the ecotone habitat(0.90 individual/(m 2·d))in June reached the peak of the year,the highest value of farmland habitat and desert habitat in July was(0.94 individual/(m 2·d))and(0.80 individual/(m 2·d))respectively.In different samples from May to September,the number of parasitic wasps at weeds sample(0.82 individual/(m 2·d))was significantly higher than that of other samples,the number of parasitic wasps in ecotone ephemeral plant sample(0.20 individual/(m 2·d))was the lowest.【Conclusion】There are abundant natural enemy insect resources in the southern margin of Guerbantungut Desert,and the species of parasitoids are abundant,so we should protect the deser

关 键 词：沙漠 交错带 天敌昆虫 寄生蜂 

分 类 号：S431[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]