新疆7个绿化树种对高温天气的光合生理响应研究  

Studies on the Photosynthetic and Physiological Responses of Seven Varieties of Greening Tree in Xinjiang

作　　者：董鹏[1] 张君[1] 姜继元[1] 马新[1] 李铭[1] 陈奇凌[1] DONG Peng;ZHANG Jun;JIANG Ji-yuan;MA Xin;LI Ming;CHEN Qi-ling(Xinjiang Academay of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences,Shihezi 832000,Xinjiang)

机构地区：[1]新疆农垦科学院林园研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《绿洲农业科学与工程》2018年第1期17-22,共6页Oasis Agriculture Science and Engineering

基　　金：兵团科技攻关项目(2015AD024;2016AD028)。

摘　　要：园林绿化植物是城市生态系统的重要部分,尤其在干旱地区对提高城市建设质量极其重要。本研究利用Li-6400光合测定仪,在2017年高温夏季测定7个常见园林绿化树种气体交换特征,研究高温夏季天气对绿化树种光合作用日变化特征和渗透物质的影响。结果表明,在光合速率的日变化上,7个树种对高温夏季的光合响应特征有一定的差异性,但变化趋势一致,均出现两个峰值,分别在10:00和16:00,且第一个峰值大于第二个峰值,10:00后呈下降趋势,在12:00左右出现了“午休”现象。7个树种的净光合速率(Pn)有差异性,依次为沙枣>胡杨>小叶白蜡>大叶白蜡>王族海棠>国槐>法桐,且气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的变化趋势相同。胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的变化表明,净光合速率(Pn)是由气孔导度降低引起。在高温夏季天气,国槐和法桐的丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,使树种受到干旱胁迫,且以脯氨酸(Pro)含量显著升高来减轻干旱对其伤害。因此,沙枣和胡杨的耐旱性较强,大叶白蜡和小叶白蜡次之,适宜作为南疆干旱区的绿化树种。Landscaping plants are important parts of the urban ecosystem,especially in arid regions,are crucial for improving the quality of urban construction.This paper applied the Li-6400 photosynthesis analyzer for measuring the air exchange characteristics of seven common greening tree species in the high temperature summer of 2017 to study the effect of high temperature summer weather on the diurnal variation characteristics and infiltration of photosynthesis of the tree species.The results showed that:for the daily change of photosynthetic rate,the photosynthetic response characteristics of the seven tree species to the high temperature summer had certain differences,however the changing trend was consistent and there were two peaks,which appeared at 10:00 and 16:00 respectively.The first peak was higher than the second peak,showing a downward trend after 10:00,and a"midday break"phenomenon around 12:00.The net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of the seven tree species was different,followed by Elaeagnus angustifolia>Populus euphratica>Fraxinus bungeana>Fraxinus americane>Malus prunifolia>Sophora japonica>Platanus orientalis and stomatal conductance(Gs)and transpiration rate(Tr).The same trend of change,combined with changes in intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci),indicate that the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)is caused by a decrease in stomatal conductance.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content of S.melilogum and P.tobira increased significantly during the high-temperature summer weather,which caused tree species to be drought-stressed,and the content of Proline(Pro)was significantly increased to mitigate drought damage.Therefore,Elaeagnus and Populus euphratica have strong drought tolerance and are suitable for planting in arid regions.

关 键 词：干旱区 绿化树种 光合特征 渗透物质 耐旱性 

分 类 号：S688[农业科学—观赏园艺]