有机种植方式对稻田动物多样性的影响:以句容戴庄为例  

Investigation on Animal Diversity in Different Paddy Fields With Organic Farming: A Case Study in Daizhuang of Jurong County,Jiangsu Province,China

作　　者：王磊[1] 李刚[1] 席运官[1] 陈秋会[1] 李妍[1] 田伟[1] 张弛[1] 李鹏[2] 杨豪 张纪兵[1] 肖兴基[1] WANG Lei;LI Gang;XI Yun-guan;CHEN Qiu-hui;LI Yan;TIAN Wei;ZHANG Chi;LI Peng;YANG Hao;ZHANG Ji-bing;XIAO Xing-ji(Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Environmental Protection,Nanjing 210042,China;College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Agricultural Service Center of Tianwang Town,Zhenjiang 212400,China)

机构地区：[1]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042 [2]南京师范大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210023 [3]句容市天王镇农业服务中心,江苏镇江212400

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2018年第7期614-621,共8页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(201309036;201209036);中央级公益性科研院所基金(GYZX170101);国家科技支撑计划(2014BAK19B01);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014-2)

摘　　要：在句容市戴庄村分3 a(2013、2015和2017年)采样,对比有机种植方式(分别连续实施7、9和11 a)和常规种植对稻田动物群落组成和多样性的影响。调查结果表明,有机稻田中动物物种和数量均显著高于常规稻田(P<0.05),其中,发现的有机稻田动物分别隶属于腹足纲、寡毛纲、蛭纲、昆虫纲、软甲纲、鳃足纲、蛛形纲、两栖纲、鱼纲和哺乳纲共10纲28目130种,常规稻田动物隶属于8纲13目27种。节肢动物为动物群落的优势物种,有机稻田动物中节肢动物有4纲15目106种,占发现动物总种数的81.5%,其他动物6纲13目24种,占18.5%;常规稻田节肢动物只有3纲9目22种,占常规稻田发现动物总种数的81.5%,其他动物5纲4目5种,占18.5%。有机稻田鱼类、两栖动物和节肢动物群落Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均显著高于常规稻田(P<0.01),有机稻田环节动物、两栖动物和鱼类群落Simpson多样性指数均显著高于常规稻田(P<0.01)。有机种植方式不仅能够提高物种多样性,而且能够提高物种均匀度水平,有机水稻栽培下的稻田水生生态系统具有更高的稳定性和更好的环境质量水平。Information on the animal biodiversity in organic paddy fields is poorly understood and surprisingly obscure in China.A comparative filed study on the diversity and composition of animal community in 7-year,9-year and 11-year organic and conventional rice fields was conducted.Animals observed via multiple field surveys belonged to Gastropoda,Oligocllaeta,Hirudinea,Insecta,Malacostraca,Branchiopoda,Arachnoidea,Amphibia,Pisces,and Mammalia(including 10 classes,28 orders,130 species)in organic paddy field.However,the animals observed in conventional paddy field belonged to only 8 classes,13 orders,27 species.Arthropods were the dominant species in all observed animal community.All observed arthropods belong to 4 classes,15 orders,and 106 species(81.5%of total observed animal species)while other animals contained 6 classes,13 orders,24 species were identified in the organic paddy fields(18.5%of total observed animal species).Nevertheless,only 3 classes,9 orders,22 species(81.5%of total observed animal species)for arthropods whereas 5 classes,4 orders,5 species(18.5%of total observed animal species)for other animals were identified in the conventional paddy fields.The Margalef diversity and Pielou′s evenness index of fishes,amphibians and arthropods were significantly(P<0.01)higher in organic farms than that in conventional ones.Simpson diversity index of annelids,fishes and amphibians were significantly(P<0.01)higher in the organic paddy fields than that in the conventional paddy fields.The results indicate that the aquatic ecosystem of organic paddy cultivation has higher ecological stability and environmental quality.

关 键 词：稻田 有机农业 常规农业 群落 动物多样性 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S154.5[农业科学—农艺学]