灌溉方式和施氮量对冬小麦籽粒氮代谢酶和蛋白质产量的影响  

Effect of Irrigation Modes and Nitrogen Application on Nitrogen Metabolism Enzymes and Protein Yield in Wheat Grain

作　　者：李金娜[1] 姜丽娜[1] 岳影[1] 张雅雯 朱娅林 李春喜[1] LI Jinna;JIANG Lina;YUE Ying;ZHANG Yawen;ZHU Yalin;LI Chunxi(College of life Sciences,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,Henan 453007,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2018年第7期817-824,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B07);"十三五"国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2016YFD0300203-3)

摘　　要：为探究不同灌溉方式和施氮量对冬小麦籽粒氮代谢酶活性及蛋白质产量的影响,以矮抗58为材料,分析了不同灌溉方式(滴灌和漫灌)和施氮量下小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质产量及灌浆期不同穗位籽粒谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性的变化。结果表明,与漫灌相比,滴灌处理可显著提高籽粒产量和蛋白质产量,施氮量220kg·hm-2下籽粒产量和蛋白质产量最高;各水氮处理下,小麦不同穗位籽粒GS和GPT活性均随籽粒灌浆进程的推进而降低,花后7~14d下降迅速,之后下降缓慢;滴灌下,增施氮肥可显著提高灌浆中期中部和下部穗位籽粒GS活性及整个灌浆期各穗位籽粒GPT活性;漫灌下,增施氮肥可显著提高整个灌浆期中部和下部穗位籽粒GS活性及各穗位籽粒GPT活性。相关性分析表明,成熟期籽粒蛋白质含量分别与下部穗位籽粒GS活性、中部和下部穗位籽粒GPT活性呈显著相关,蛋白质产量分别与下部穗位籽粒GS活性和上部穗位籽粒GPT活性呈显著相关,籽粒产量与下部穗位籽粒GS活性及各穗位GPT活性呈显著相关。综合考虑籽粒产量、蛋白质产量及水氮投入认为,滴灌下施氮量220kg·hm-2可作为该地区小麦适宜栽培模式的参考。To explore the effects of different irrigation modes and nitrogen application on the activities of nitrogen metabolism enzymes and protein yield in wheat grains,in this research,we studied the effects of drip irrigation,flood irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application on wheat grain yield,protein yield and the activities of GPT and GS in different spikelet grains at grain filling stage,using Aikang 58 as the material.The results showed that drip irrigation can improve grain yield and protein yield significantly.Grain yield and protein yield reached the maximum under the treatment with 220 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer.During the grain filling stage,the activities of GPT and GS decreased in the different spikelet grains,with a rapid decrease from 7 to 14 days after anthesis,followed by a slow decline.The increasing of nitrogen fertilizer under drip irrigationimproved the activity of GS in the grains from middle and lower spikelets at the middle of grain filling stage and the activity of GPT in the grains from all spikelets at grain filling stage.The increasing of nitrogen fertilizer under flood irrigation increased the activity of GS in the grains from middle and lower spikelets and the activity of GPT in the grains from all spikelets at grain filling stage.The protein content of grain in mature period was closely related to the activities of GS in the lower spikelet grains,the activities of GPT in the middle and lower spikelet grains by correlation analysis.There was a significant correlation between protein yield and the activities of GS in the lower spikelet grains,and the activities of GPT in the upper spikelet grains.There was a significant correlation between grain yield and the activities of GS in the lower spikelet grains and the activities of GPT in all spikelet grains.Taking the grain yield,protein yield,water and nitrogen input into account,220 kg·hm-2 nitrogen application under drip irrigation can be used as a reference for the suitable wheat cultivation mode in this region.

关 键 词：小麦 蛋白质含量 蛋白质产量 谷丙转氨酶 谷氨酰胺合成酶 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311