新乡黄河湿地大鸨的越冬生态研究  

Wintering Ecology of Great Bustard (Otis tarda)in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland

作　　者：朱龙飞 刘莹莹 郭玉明 班永田 宋克明 牛红星[1] 卜艳珍[1] Zhu Longfei;Liu Yingying;Guo Yuming;Ban Yongtian;Song Keming;Niu Hongxing;Bu Yanzhen(College of Life Science,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,453007,China;Administration Bureau of Xinxiang National Nature Reserve,Xinxiang,453000,China;Green Future Environmental Protection Association of Changyuan,Xinxiang,453400,China)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,新乡453007 [2]新乡国家级自然保护区管理处,新乡453000 [3]长垣县绿色未来环境保护协会,新乡453400

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2018年第3期584-587,共4页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(编号:102102110143);新乡国家级自然保护区管理处鸟类研究项目(编号:5201049160034)

摘　　要：每年有大量的大鸨在新乡黄河湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区越冬,但其种群数量及越冬现状尚不清楚。2015年1月～2017年12月,采用样线法和定点观察法对该地大鸨的种群数量及越冬生态进行了研究,结果如下:(1)大鸨每年11月初迁入新乡黄河湿地,最早观测到大鸨的时间为2015年11月8日;最晚到达时间为2016年11月19日;次年3月中旬迁出保护区,飞往繁殖地。(2)在大留寺南北及碾庄,地势平坦开阔,麦田面积较大,距水源较近,距村庄较远,人为干扰相对较少,大鸨的数量最多。(3)每年11月中旬到12月初,大鸨数量呈上升趋势,12月初大鸨的数量达到最高峰,1月初到3月中旬数量逐渐减少,3月底全部迁出保护区。(4)大鸨的觅食地食物非常丰富,每天的8:00～10:00和14:00～16:00为其取食高峰,主要以啄食农田麦苗为食;长距离飞翔时,队形大致呈W、V或倾斜的"一"字形。Every year,many great bustard(Otis tarda)overwinter in Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland Birds National Nature Reserve,Henan,China.But their population and overwintering status had not been documented.Using transect and fixed-point sampling,we estimated population size and described overwintering ecology of great bustard in this reserve from January 2015 to December 2017.Great bustard arrived at the Xinxiang Yellow River Wetland in early November.The earliest arrival was 8 November 2015,while the latest was 19 November 2016.In mid-March,they left the reserve on migration to their breeding grounds.The area with the largest number of the great bustard was the north and south of Tailiu Temple and Nianzhuang.This area was flat,with large area of wheat field,close to the water source,far away from the village,and had low human disturbance.The number of great bustard increased from mid-November to early December each year,peaking in early December.The wintering population gradually declined from mid-January to March,and all birds had left the reserve by the end of March.Food was abundant on foraging grounds.Great bustard mainly grazed on wheat seedlings,and there were two foraging peaks from 8:00 to 10:00 hrs and from 14:00 to 16:00 hrs.When flying long distances,the formation was roughly a W,V,or oblique“line”shape.

关 键 词：新乡 黄河湿地 大鸨 越冬生态 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]